Conversations with Laureates
Date Of Birth: November 7, 1929
Place Of Birth: Vienna, Austria
Nationality: United States
Education: 1952 B.A., Harvard College, cum laude
1956 M.D., New York University School of Medicine
Eric Kandel's page at Howard Hughes Medical Institute, click here.
Eric Kandel's page at Columbia University, click here.
Professional Experience
Clinical
1956-1957 Intern, Montefiore Hospital, New York
1960-1964 Resident in Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
1964-1965 Staff Psychiatrist, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
Research
1957-1960 Associate in Research, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda
1961-1962 Milton Research Fellow, Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School, Boston
1962-1963 Special Fellow, USPHS, College de France, Paris, France (Laboratory of Ladislav Tauc)
1963-1965 Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Senior Research Psychiatrist, Massachusetts Mental Health Center
1965-1974 Associate Professor to Professor, Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine
1968-1974 Chief, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Public Health Research Institute of the City of New York
1974- Professor, Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University
1992- Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University
1974-1983 Director, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University
1983- University Professor, Columbia University
1984- Senior Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University
Honorary Degrees
1983 Doctor of Humane Letters, Honoris Causa (Awarded by The Jewish Theological Seminary of America)
1986 Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa (Awarded by Hahnemann University) Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa (Awarded by the State University of New York at Stony Brook) Doctor of Humane Letters, Honoris Causa (Awarded by Johns Hopkins University)
1987 Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa (Awarded by The Mount Sinai Medical Center)
1991 Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa (Awarded by Northwestern University)
1994 Doctor of Medicine, Honoris Causa (Awarded by the University of Vienna)
Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa (Awarded by the University of Edinburgh)
2000 Doctor of Medical Science, Honoris Causa (Awarded by the University of Turin)
2001 Doctor of Science (Medicine), Honoris Causa (Awarded by University College London)
2002 Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa (Awarded by Gustavus Adolphus College)
Honorary Societies
1974 National Academy of Sciences
1975 American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1978 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
1984 American Philosophical Society
1988 National Institute of Medicine American Neurological Association, Honorary Membership Academy of Science and Literature, Mainz, Germany, Corresponding Member
1989 German Academy of Science, Leopoldina, Corresponding Member
1995 French Academy of Sciences (Foreign Associate)
1997 Orden Pour Le Mèrite Für Wissenschaften Und Künste, Member
1998 Brandenburg Academy of Sciences, Berlin, Germany, Corresponding Member
2000 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Honorary Fellow
2001 Athenian National Academy of Sciences, Associate Member
2002 Austrian Academy of Sciences, Foreign Member
2002 Collegium Internationale Neuro-psychopharmacologicum, Honorary Fellow
Awards
1959 Henry L. Moses Research Award, Montefiore Hospital
1977 Lester N. Hofheimer Prize for Research (Awarded by the American Psychiatric Association) Lucy G. Moses Prize for Research in Basic Neurology (Awarded by Columbia University)
1979 Solomon A. Berson Medical Alumni Achievement Award in Basic Science (Awarded by New York University)
1981 Karl Spencer Lashley Prize in Neurobiology (Awarded by the American Philosophical Society)
1982 The Dickson Prize in Biology and Medicine (Awarded by the University of Pittsburgh) The New York Academy of Sciences Award in Biological and Medical Sciences
1983 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award (Shared with Vernon B. Mountcastle)
1984 Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in Basic Medical Research (Awarded by Brandeis University and shared with Daniel Koshland) Howard Crosby Warren Medal (Awarded by the Society of Experimental Psychologists)
1985 American Association of Medical Colleges Award for Distinguished Research in the Biomedical Sciences
1986 Special Presidential Commendation of the American Psychiatric Association
1987 Gairdner International Award for Outstanding Achievement in Medical Science (Awarded by the Gairdner Foundation, Canada)
1988 National Medal of Science J. Murray Luck Award for Scientific Reviewing (Awarded by the National Academy of Sciences) Gold Medal for Scientific Merit (Awarded by the Fondazione Giovanni Lorenzini, Milan, Italy)
1989 Distinguished Service Award of the American Psychiatric Association Award in Basic Science, American College of Physicians Robert J. and Claire Pasarow Foundation Award in Neuroscience
1990 Diploma Internacional Cajal (Instituto Cajal: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid)
1991 Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Neuroscience Research (with T.V.M. Bliss)
1992 John P. McGovern Lectureship Award in Behavioral Neuroscience (Awarded by the American Association for the Advancement of Science) Warren Triennial Prize (Awarded by the Massachusetts General Hospital) Jean-Louis Signoret's Prize on Memory (Awarded by the Fondation Ipsen, Paris) 1993 Harvey Prize (Awarded by the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa, Israel) F.O. Schmitt Medal and Prize in Neuroscience (The Rockefeller University), New York
1994 Isaac Ray Decade of Excellence Award (Awarded by Brown University) Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology
1995 Stevens Triennial Prize (Awarded by Columbia University)
1996 N.Y. Academy of Medicine Award
1997 Gerard Prize (Society of Neuroscience) for Outstanding Achievement in Neuroscience
1997 Charles A. Dana Award for Pioneering Achievement in Health (with P. Greengard)
1999 Wolf Prize in Biology and Medicine, Israel
2000 The Dr. A.H. Heineken Prize for Medicine, Awarded by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2000 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Awarded by The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden (shared with Paul Greengard and Arvid Carlsson)
Distinguished Investigator Award, National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders, Great Neck, NY
2001 Lifetime Achievement Award, YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York, NY
2001 Annual Achievement Award, Parkinson Foundation, New York, NY
2001 Office of the Mayor, City of New York, Proclamation May 11, 2001 as "Eric Kandel Day"
2001 Distinguished Service Award, The American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Nashville, TN 2002 NARSAD Julius Axelrod Neuroscience Award (shared with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard)
2002 Centenary Medal, Royal Society of Canada
Special Lectures
I.A. Richards Memorial Lecture, University of Pennsylvania
Kershman Lecture, Eastern Association of Electroencephalographers
Fuller Albright Lecture
1977 Grass Lecture, Society for Neuroscience The Harvey Lecture
1978 Giarman Lecture, Yale University National Institutes of Health Lecture Semrad Lecture, Harvard Medical School
1979 Hazen Lecture, Mt. Sinai Hospital O'Brien Lecture, Cornell University
1980 Thayer Lecture, The Johns Hopkins University Clinton N. Woolsey Lecture, University of Wisconsin Burroughs Wellcome Fund Lecture, AAMC John C. Krantz, Jr., Lecture, University of Maryland
1981 John M. Dorsey Lecture, Wayne State University Walter Bauer Memorial Lecture, The Helen Hay Whitney Foundation College de France, Visiting Professor Distinguished Lecture, Eastern Psychological Association
1982 Pauline Goldman Memorial Lecture, New York Medical College Wolfson College Lecture, Oxford The Michael Perkins Lecture, University of Cambridge
1983 Lewis B. Flexner Lecture, University of Pennsylvania James Arthur Lecture, American Museum of Natural History Dean's Distinguished Lectureship in the Basic Sciences, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University
1984 Louis Clark Vanuxem Lectures, Princeton University Cotzias Lecturer; American Academy of Neurology Distinguished Baule Neuroscience Lecture, Syracuse University
1985 Oliver Cope Lecture, Massachusetts General Hospital School of Medicine Lecturer, UCLA Pfizer Visiting Professorship in Psychiatry, Scott and White Clinic and Texas A and M Medical School K.L. Chow Lecture in Behavioral Neuroscience, Stanford University Salmon Lecture, New York Academy of Science The Prather Lectures, Harvard University
1986 Ulf von Euler Lecture, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Luigi Galvani Lecture, FIDIA Research Foundation Walker-Ames Lecture, University of Washington, Seattle Ripley Lecture, University of Washington, Seattle Lang Lecture, Marine Biological Laboratories, Massachusetts Charlton Lecture, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts Terry Lectures, Yale University
1987 Thomas E. Hanrahan Memorial Lecture, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Foundation Annual Awardee Meeting, Washington, DC Chris Evans Lecture, British Brain Research Association, Edinburgh Fincher Lecture, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Sigma Xi Lecture, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois University Lecture, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
1987 Peele Memorial Lecture, Duke University Macallum Lecture, University of Toronto Marjorie Guthrie Lecture in Genetics, NIGMC, Bethesda, Maryland Murlin Lecture, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York Gairdner Award Lecture, Gairdner Foundation, Toronto, Canada
1988 Distinguished Lecturer, University of Texas at Austin Lamson Lecture, Vanderbilt University Chipperfield Memorial Lecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Donald Olding Hebb Memorial Lecture, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. Hilldale Lecture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Dorcas Cummings Lecture, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York
1989 Sigma Xi Lecture, Yale University Annual Medical School Lecture, Dartmouth University Swerling Lecture, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University Sigma Xi Distinguished Professor Lecture, New Jersey Medical School
1990 Monica Blumenthal Lecture, University of Pittsburgh Sigma Tau Foundation Lecture, Rome Fermi Lectures, Pisa, Italy Robert Schwab Lecture, Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Clinical Neurophysiology Gordon Tompkins Lecture, University of California, San Francisco Abraham White Memorial Lecture, Syntax Research, Palo Alto, California
1991 Einar Hille Lecture, University of Washington Smith Kline Beecham Lecture in Health Sciences, University College London
1992 Morris Lipton Lecture, The American College of Psychiatrists, San Francisco Charles M. and Martha Hitchcock Foundation Lectures, U.C. Berkeley NINDS Distinguished Alumnus Lecture, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
1993 Berson Memorial Lecture, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York F.O. Schmitt Lecture, Rockefeller University, New York Perey Lecture, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
1994 Glaxo Lecture, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Evnin Lecture, Princeton University Mountcastle Lecture, The Johns Hopkins University Shelton Lectures, Harvard Medical School, Boston Edward Herbert Memorial Lecture, Vollum Institute, Portland, Washington Plenary Lecture, XIXth Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum, Washington, DC Keynote Speaker, Hormone Action Gordon Conference, Meriden, New Hampshire Harold Cooper Lectureship, University of Texas, Houston Isaac Ray Award Lecture, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Nobel Conference Lecture, St. Peter, Minnesota Presidential Symposium Lecture, Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting, Miami Wright Symposium Lecture, Geneva Olin Lecture, Sarah Lawrence College, New York
1995 Dean's House Lecture, Cornell Medical College, New York Harry Camp Memorial Lectures, Stanford University Yakult International Symposium Lecturer, Tokyo Solomon D. Erulkar Memorial Lecture, Philadelphia Salvadore Luria Lectureship, Massachusetts Institute of Technology American Academy of Clinical Neurophysiology, President's Special Lecture, New York 40th Anniversary Symposium, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting, Scientific Keynote Address, American Society for Cell Biology
Institute of Medicine Silver Anniversary Lecture, University of Michigan Mental Health Research Institute, Ann Arbor Neuroscience Institute Inaugural Symposium Lecture, La Jolla, CA
1996 Distinguished Lecturer Series, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans Ninth Distinguished Lecture, Medical Scientist Training, Program, UCLA Rita Levi Montalcini Lecture, Turin, Italy Brain Sciences Lecture, Minneapolis Second American Legion and University of Minnesota Brain Sciences Lecture Edwin G. Krebs Lecture in Molecular Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine Monsanto Lecture in Biotechnology, Ohio State University
1997 Honorary AOA Lecture, New York University Medical Center Congressional Biomedical Research Lecture, Washington, DC Third Annual Lectureship of the Institute for Cell and Developmental Biology, University at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY Smithsonian Lecture, Washington, DC Fenn Lectureship: XXXIII International Congress Physiological Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Distinguished Lecture Series, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA Keynote Speaker, Tenth Anniversary Symposium, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland Irving Segal Lecture, Merck Pharmaceutical Corporation, Rahway, NJ Robert and Esther Stadtler Lecture, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
1998 Werner Heisenberg Lecture, Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich, Germany Walter B. Cannon Memorial Lecture, American Physiological Society, San Francisco Sherrington Lecture, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England Geschwind Memorial Lecture, Harvard Medical School Friday Night Lecturer, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA Babraham Institute, 50th Anniversary, Cambridge, United Kingdom Lilly Lecture, Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis Joseph Stokes Lecture, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine President's Plenary Lecture, American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Las Croabas, Puerto Rico
1999 Gatorade Sports Science Institute Lecture, Yale University Public Lecture, Neuroscience Symposium, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC Thomas E. Hanrahan Memorial Lecture, PhRMA Foundation's Annual Meeting, New York Carl Gustaf Bernard Lecture, Royal Swedish Academy, Stockholm Plenary Lecture, IBRO World Congress of Neuroscience, Jerusalem Findling Lecture, Molecular Neuroscience Program, Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN
2000 Grand Rounds Presentation, University of Texas-Houston Medical School and Baylor College, Houston, TX Dean's Distinguished Lecture, Columbia University, New York, NY The University Professors' Occasional Lecture, Boston University, Boston, MA Molecular Medicine Inaugural Symposium, University of California, San Diego- Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA National Academy of Sciences Symposium: Perspectives on Neuroscience, Washington, DC Banbury Center Lecture, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY Louis A. Bloomfield Lecture, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH New York Academy of Sciences Lecture, "Unity of Knowledge: The Convergence of Natural and Human Science," New York, NY Millennium Conference, Karolinska Institutet: "Man and Mind: Toward a Neuroscience of Consciousness," Stockholm, Sweden The Heineken Lecture, Dr. H.P. Heineken Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Utrecht Lecture, Utrecht Rudolf Magnus Institute, The Netherlands Nijmegen Lecture, Institute for Cellular Signaling, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, The Netherlands Nobel Lecture, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Gladstone Lecture, University of California, San Francisco, CA
2001 Dean's Lecture, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY Arts in the Academy and OPUS Public Lecture, "Minimalist Art and Memory Storage," National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC Mysell Lecture, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA George Garnow Lecture, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO Plenary Lecture, First Annual Symposium on Neurogenomics, Durham, NC Presidential Lecture, Society of Biological Psychiatry, New Orleans, LA Judd Marmor Lecture, Annual Meeting, American Psychiatric Association, New Orleans, LA Lecture Series, "Revolutionizing Medicine in the 21st Century," American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 2001 Annual Convention, "Genes, Synapses and Long- Term Memory," Washington, D.C. Peter Wallenberg Foundation Seminar, "Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: Modulatory Mechanisms for Stabilizing Synapses and Behavior," Stockholm, Sweden Ernst Knobil Distinguished Lecture, University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas Nobel Jubilee Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, December 6-8, 2001 The Nobel Prize Centennial Celebration, December 8-12, 2001
2002 Norman Davidson Lecture, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, January 7-8, 2002 Burroughs-Wellcome Lecture, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, January 16, 2002 Goodwin Breinin Lecture, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, March 11-13, 2002 CR Stephen Lecture, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, March 13-15, 2002 Bren Lecture, University of California, Irvine, California, April 18-19, 2002 Florence Mahoney Lecture, NIH Aging Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, June 11-13, 2002 Joe P. Tupin Visiting Professorship, University of California, Davis, December 11-13, 2002
Professional Societies
American Academy of Arts and Sciences National Academy of Sciences American Philosophical Society National Institute of Medicine International Brain Research Organization American Psychiatric Association Psychiatric Research Organization Society for Neuroscience Harvey Society
Government & Societal Agencies, Visiting Committees & Advisory Boards
1968-1969 Member, Panel 9 (Neurological Sciences), Committee of Life Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council
1969-1972 Member, Neuropsychology Research Review Committee, National Institute of Mental Health
1970-1995 Neurobiology Advisory Board, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories
1975 Member, Neurosciences Interdisciplinary Cluster, President's Biomedical Research Panel
1975-1984 Neuroscience Research Program
1978 Member, Committee on Long-Term Research Strategies, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke
1978 Member, NIH Task Force on Basic Neuroscience Research
1980-1981 President, Society for Neuroscience
1983- The Esther A. & Joseph Klingenstein Fund, Inc., Neuroscience Advisory Committee (Member, 1983-1995; Chairman, 1996-).
1984-1985 Mayor's Commission for Science and Technology, New York City
1984-1987 Director, Symposium Program, International Brain Research Organization
1985-1990 Board of Trustees, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories
1986-1998 Board of Directors, McKnight Foundation
1991-1994 Board of Scientific Advisors, Merck Foundation
1991-1995 Award Selection Committee, Bristol-Myers Squibb
1991-1997 Overseers' Committee, Harvard Medical School
1994-1999 Advisory Council, The Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University
1994-2001 Medical Research Advisory Committee, Metropolitan Life Foundation
1995- Board of Trustees, Rockefeller University
1995-1999 Advisory Committee to the Director, National Institutes of Health
1996-2000 Burroughs-Wellcome Advisory Committee
1997- Advisory Committee, Larry Ellison Medical Foundation
1999-2002 Member, Board of Directors; Chairman, Scientific Advisory Board, Borderline Personality Disorder Research Foundation
Editorial Boards
1977 Editor, American Physiological Society, Handbook of Physiology, The Nervous System, Vol. 1, Cellular Biology of Neurons
1977-1982 Associate Editor, Annual Review of Neuroscience
1977-1980 Associate Editor, Journal of Neurophysiology
1981-1983 Associate Editor, Journal of Neuroscience
1988- Reviews Editor, Neuron
1991-1997 Editorial Board, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA
1993- Associate Editor, Learning and Memory
Books
1977 Kandel, E.R. Cellular Basis of Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Neurobiology. San Francisco: Freeman and Company.
1977 Kandel, E.R., ed. Handbook of Physiology, The Nervous System, Vol. 1, Cellular Biology of Neurons. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
1978 Kandel, E.R. A Cell-Biological Approach to Learning. Grass Lecture Monograph I. Bethesda, Md.: Society for Neuroscience.
1979 Kandel, E.R. The Behavioral Biology of Aplysia: A Contribution to the Comparative Study of Opisthobranch Molluscs. San Francisco: Freeman.
1979 Levi Montalcini, R., Calissano, P., Kandel, E.R., and Maggi, A., eds. Molecular Aspects of Neurobiology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
1987 Kandel, E.R., ed. Molecular Neurobiology in Neurology and Psychiatry. New York: Raven Press.
1995 Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., and Jessell, T.M., eds. Essentials of Neural Science and Behavior. Norwalk, Conn.: Appleton & Lange.
1995 Squire, L. and Kandel, E.R. Memory: From Mind to Molecules. New York: Scientific American Books.
1995 Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., and Jessell, T.M., eds. Principles of Neural Science, Fourth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Original Publications
1960 Brinley, F.J., Jr., Kandel, E.R., and Marshall, W.H. Effect of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) on the K42 outflux from rabbit cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 23:237-245.
1960 Brinley, F.J., Jr., Kandel, E.R., and Marshall, W.H. Potassium out-flux from rabbit cortex during spreading depression. J. Neurophysiol. 23:246-256.
1960 Kandel, E.R., Spencer, W.A., and Brinley, F.J., Jr. Transient and long-lasting responses to direct hippocampal stimulation. Am. J. Physiol. 198:687-692.
1960 Kandel, E.R. and Spencer, W.A. The pyramidal cell during hippocampal seizure. Epilepsia 2:63-69.
1961 Kandel, E.R., Spencer, W.A., and Brinley, F.J., Jr. Electrophysiology of hippocampal neurons. I. Sequential invasion and synaptic organization. J. Neurophysiol. 24:225-242.
1961 Kandel, E.R. and Spencer, W.A. Electrophysiology of hippocampal neurons. II. After- potentials and repetitive firing. J. Neurophysiol. 24:243-259.
1961 Spencer, W.A. and Kandel, E.R. Electrophysiology of hippocampal neurons. III. Firing level and time constant. J. Neurophysiol. 24:260-271.
1961 Spencer, W.A. and Kandel, E.R. Electrophysiology of hippocampal neurons. IV. Fast prepotentials. J. Neurophysiol. 24:272-285.
1961 Spencer, W.A. and Kandel, E.R. Hippocampal neuron responses to selective activation of recurrent collaterals of hippocampofugal axons. Exptl. Neurol. 4:149-161.
1961 Kandel, E.R. and Spencer, W.A. Excitation and inhibition of single pyramidal cells during hippocampal seizure. Exptl. Neurol. 4:162-179.
1961 Kandel, E.R. and Spencer, W.A. Electrophysiological properties of an archicortical neuron. In Problems in Electrobiology, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 94:570-603.
1962 Spencer, W.A. and Kandel, E.R. Hippocampal neuron responses in relation to normal and abnormal function. In Physiologie de l'Hippocampe, Colloques Internationaux du C.N.R.S. No. 107.
1963 Kandel, E.R. and Tauc, L. Augmentation prolongée de l'efficacité d'une voie afferente d'un ganglion isole apres l'activation couplée d'un plus efficacé. J. Physiologie 55:271.
1964 Kandel, E.R. Electrical properties of hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 47:691-717.
1964 Kandel, E.R. and Tauc, L. Mechanism of prolonged heterosynaptic facilitation. Nature 202:145.
1964 Tauc, L. and Kandel, E.R. An anomalous form of rectification in a molluscan central neuron. Nature 202:1339-1341.
1964 Kandel, E.R. and Tauc, L. Heterosynaptic facilitation in neurones of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia depilans. J. Physiol. (London) 181:1-27.
1965 Kandel, E.R. and Tauc, L. Mechanism of heterosynaptic facilitation in the giant cell of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia depilans. J. Physiol. (London) 181:28-47.
1965 Kandel, E.R. and Tauc, L. Input organization of two symmetrical giant cells in the snail brain. J. Physiol. (London) 183:269-286.
1966 Kandel, E.R. and Tauc, L. Anomalous rectification in the metacerebral giant cells and its consequences for synaptic transmission. J. Physiol. (London) 183:287-304.
1966 Coggeshall, R.E., Kandel, E.R., Kupfermann, I., and Waziri, R. A morphological and functional study on a cluster of identifiable neurosecretory cells in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. J. Cell Biol. 31:363-368.
1967 Kandel, E.R. Cellular studies of learning. In The Neurosciences, G. Quarton, T. Melnechuck, and F.O. Schmitt, eds. New York: Rockefeller University Press.
1967 Kandel, E.R., Frazier, W.T., and Coggeshall, R.E. Opposite synaptic actions mediated by different branches of an identifiable interneuron in Aplysia. Science 155:346-349.
1967 Frazier, W.T., Kandel, E.R., Kupfermann, I., Waziri, R., and Coggeshall, R.E. Morphological and functional properties of identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. J. Neurophysiol. 30:1288-1351.
1967 Kandel, E.R., Frazier, W.T., Waziri, R., and Coggeshall, R.E. Direct and common connections among identified neurons in Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 30:1352-1376.
1967 Wachtel, H. and Kandel, E.R. A direct synaptic connection mediating both excitation and inhibition. Science 158:1206-1208.
1968 Kandel, E.R. Dale's principle and the functional specificity of neurons. In Cellular Pharmacology, W. Coella, ed. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas.
1968 Kandel, E.R. and Spencer, W.A. Cellular neurophysiological approaches in the study of learning. Physiol. Rev. 48:65-134.
1968 Spencer, W.A. and Kandel, E.R. Cellular and integrative properties of the hippocampal pyramidal cell and the comparative electrophysiology of cortical neurons. Int. J. Neurol. 6:266-296.
1968 Kandel, E.R. and Wachtel, H. The functional organization of neural aggregates in Aplysia. In Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Nervous Integration, F.D. Carlson, ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, pp. 17-65.
1968 Spencer, W.A. and Kandel, E.R. Synaptic inhibition in seizures. In Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, H.H. Jasper, A.A. Ward, and A. Pope, eds. Boston: Little, Brown, pp. 575-609.
1969 Kandel, E.R., Frazier, W.T., and Wachtel, H. Organization of inhibition in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. I. Role of inhibition and disinhibition in transforming neural activity. J. Neurophysiol. 32:496-508.
1969 Waziri, R., Kandel, E.R., and Frazier, W.T. Organization of inhibition in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. II. Post-tetanic potentiation, heterosynaptic depression and increments in frequency of inhibitory synaptic potentials. J. Neurophysiol. 32:509-519.
1969 Waziri, R. and Kandel, E.R. Organization of inhibition in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. III. Interneurons mediating inhibition. J. Neurophysiol. 32:520-539.
1969 Pinsker, H. and Kandel, E.R. Synaptic activation of an electrogenic sodium pump. Science 163:931-935.
1969 Kupfermann, I. and Kandel, E.R. Neuronal controls of a behavioral response mediated by the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. Science 164:847-850.
1970 Kandel, E.R. The organization of subpopulations in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. In The Interneuron, A. Scheibel, ed. Los Angeles, Calif.: UCLA Press, pp. 71-111.
1970 Kandel, E.R. Nerve Cells and Behavior. Sci. Am. 223(1):57-70.
1970 Kandel, E.R. and Kupfermann, I. Nervous System Invertebrate. In McGraw Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology. New York: McGraw Hill.
1970 Kandel, E.R. and Kupfermann, I. The functional organization of invertebrate ganglia. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 32:193-258.
1970 Pinsker, H., Kupfermann, I., Castellucci, V., and Kandel, E.R. Habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science 167:1740-1742.
1970 Kupfermann, I., Castellucci, V., Pinsker, H., and Kandel, E.R. Neuronal correlates of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science 167:1743- 1745.
1970 Castellucci, V., Pinsker, H., Kupfermann, I., and Kandel, E.R. Neuronal mechanisms of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science 167:1745- 1748.
1970 Kandel, E.R., Castellucci, V., Pinsker, H., and Kupfermann, I. The role of synaptic plasticity in the short-term modification of behaviour. In Short-Term Changes in Neural Activity and Behaviour, G. Horn and R.A. Hinde, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 281- 322.
1970 Pinsker, H., Kandel, E.R., Castellucci, V., and Kupfermann, I. An analysis of habituation and dishabituation in Aplysia. In Biochemistry of Simple Neuronal Models, Vol. 2, E. Costa and E. Giacobini, eds. New York: Raven Press, pp. 351-373.
1970 Kupfermann, I. and Kandel, E.R. Electrophysiological properties and functional interconnections of two symmetrical neurosecretory clusters (bag cells) in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 33:865-876.
1971 Blankenship, J., Wachtel, H., and Kandel, E.R. Ionic mechanisms of excitatory, inhibitory, and dual synaptic action mediated by an identified interneuron in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 34:76-92.
1971 Carew, T.J., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R. An analysis of dishabituation and sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Int. J. Neurosci. 2:79-98.
1971 Schwartz, J.H., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R. Functioning of identified neurons and synapses in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia in absence of protein synthesis. J. Neurophysiol. 34:939-953.
1971 Kupfermann, I., Pinsker, H., Castellucci, V., and Kandel, E.R. Central and peripheral control of gill movements in Aplysia. Science 174:1252-1256.
1971 Wachtel, H. and E.R. Kandel. Conversion of synaptic excitation to inhibition at a dual chemical synapse. J. Neurophysiol. 34:56-68.
1972 Kandel, E.R. and Gardner, D. The synaptic actions mediated by the different branches of a single neuron. In Neurotransmitters. Proceedings of The Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases, I.J. Kopin, ed. Baltimore. Md.: Williams & Wilkins, pp. 91-146.
1972 Castellucci, V.F., Kandel, E.R., and Schwartz, J.H. Macro-molecular synthesis and the functioning of neurons and synapses. In The Structure and Function of Synapses, G.D. Pappas and D.P. Purpura, eds. New York: Raven Press, pp. 193-219.
1972 Carew, T.J., Pinsker, H.M., and Kandel, E.R. Long-term habituation of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science 175:451-454.
1972 Gardner, D. and Kandel, E.R. Diphasic postsynaptic potential: A chemical synapse capable of mediating conjoint excitation and inhibition. Science 176:675-678.
1972 Cedar, H., Kandel, E.R., and Schwartz, J.H. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nervous system of Aplysia californica. I. Increased synthesis in response to synaptic stimulation. J. Gen. Physiol. 60:558-569.
1972 Kandel, E.R., Castellucci, V.F., and Carew, T.J. Alterations in synaptic effectiveness accompanying behavioral modifications in Aplysia. In Cell Interactions (Proceedings of the Third Lepetit Colloquium held in London, Nov., 1971), Luigi G. Silvestri, ed. Milan: North- Holland, pp. 31-33.
1973 Carew, T.J., Castellucci, V., and Kandel, E.R. On the relationship of dishabituation and sensitization in Aplysia. In Neurobiology of Invertebrates, Tihany, 1971, pp. 381-389.
1973 Pinsker, H.M., Hening, W.A., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Long- term sensitization of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science 182:1039-1042.
1973 Carew, T.J. and Kandel, E.R. Acquisition and retention of long-term habituation in Aplysia: Correlation of behavioral and cellular processes. Science 182:1158-1160.
1973 Eisenstadt, M., Goldman, J.E., Kandel, E.R., Koike, H., Koester, J., and Schwartz, J.H. Intrasomatic injection of radioactive precursors for studying transmitter synthesis in identified neurons of Aplysia californica. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70:3371-3375.
1973 Koester, J., Mayeri, E., Liebeswar, G., and Kandel, E.R. Cellular regulation of homeostasis: Neuronal control of the circulation in Aplysia. Fed. Proc. 32:2179-2187.
1974 Carew, T. and Kandel, E.R. Synaptic analysis of the interrelationships between behavioral modifications in Aplysia. In Synaptic Transmission and Neuronal Interaction, M.V.L. Bennett, ed. New York: Raven Press, pp. 339-384.
1974 Kandel, E.R. An invertebrate system for the cellular analysis of simple behaviors and their modifications. In The Neurosciences, Third Study Program, F.O. Schmitt and F.G. Worden, eds. Cambridge Mass.: MIT Press., pp. 347-370.
1974 Mayeri, E., Koester, J., Kupfermann, I., Liebeswar, G., and Kandel, E.R. Neural control of circulation in Aplysia. I. Motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 37:458-475.
1974 Koester, J., Mayeri, E., Liebeswar, G., and Kandel, E.R. Neural control of circulation in Aplysia. II. Interneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 37:476-496.
1974 Koike, H., Kandel, E.R., and Schwartz, J.H. Synaptic release or radioactivity after intrasomatic injection of 3H-choline into an identified cholinergic interneuron in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. J. Neurophysiol. 37:1020-1040.
1974 Carew, T.J., Pinsker, H., Rubinson, K., and Kandel, E.R. Physiological and biochemical properties of neuromuscular transmission between identified motor neurons and gill muscle in Aplysia californica. J. Neurophysiol. 37:815-827.
1974 Kupfermann, I., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Local, reflexive and central commands controlling gill and siphon movements in Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 37:996-1019.
1974 Byrne, J., Castellucci, V., and Kandel, E.R. Receptive fields and response properties of mechanoreceptor neurons innervating skin and mantle shelf of Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 37:1041-1064.
1974 Kriegstein, A., Castellucci, V., and Kandel, E.R. (1974) Metamorphosis of Aplysia californica in laboratory culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:3654-3658.
1974 Castellucci, V. and Kandel, E.R. A quantal analysis of the synaptic depression underlying habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:5004- 5008.
1975 Kandel, E.R. Perspectives in the neurophysiological study of behavior and its abnormalities. In New Psychiatric Frontiers, Volume VI, Second Edition, American Handbook of Psychiatry, D.A. Hamburg and H.K.H. Brodie, eds. New York: Basic Books.
1975 Kandel, E.R. Invertebrate nervous systems and the mechanisms of behavior. In The Nervous System, Vol. 1: The Basic Neurosciences, D.B. Tower, ed. New York: Raven Press, pp. 663- 669.
1976 Kandel, E.R., Brunelli, M., Byrne, J., and Castellucci, V. A common presynaptic locus for the synaptic changes underlying short-term habituation and sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 40:465-482.
1976 Castellucci, V. and Kandel, E.R. Presynaptic facilitation as a mechanism for behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Science 194:1176-1178.
1976 Brunelli, M., Castellucci, V., and Kandel, E.R. (1976) Synaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization in Aplysia: Possible role of serotonin and cyclic AMP. Science 194:1178-1181.
1976 Carew, T.J. and Kandel, E.R. Two functional effects of decreased conductance EPSP's: Synaptic augmentation and increased electrotonic coupling. Science 192:150-153.
1976 Castellucci, V. and Kandel, E.R. An invertebrate system for the cellular study of habituation and sensitization. In Habituation: Perspectives from Child Development, Animal Behavior, and Neurophysiology, T.J. Tighe and R.N. Leaton, eds. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, pp. 1-47.
1976 Kandel, E.R., Carew, T.J., and Koester, J. Principles relating the biophysical properties of neurons and their patterns of interconnections to behavior. In Electrobiology of Nerve, Synapse, and Muscle, J.P. Reuben, D. Purpura, M.V.L. Bennett, and E.R. Kandel, eds. New York: Raven Press, pp. 187-215.
1976 Winlow, W. and Kandel, E.R. The morphology of identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. Brain Res. 112:221-249.
1976 Thompson, E.B., Schwartz, J.H., and Kandel, E.R. A radio-autographic analysis in the light and electron microscope of identified Aplysia neurons and their processes after intrasomatic injection of L-3H-fucose. Brain Res. 112:251-281.
1977 Kandel, E.R. Neuronal plasticity and the modification of behavior. In Handbook of Physiology, Vol. I: The Nervous System, 1, Cellular Biology of Neurons, E.R. Kandel, ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, pp. 1137-1182.
1977 Carew, T.J. and Kandel, E.R. Inking in Aplysia californica. I. Neural circuit of an all-or-none behavioral response. J. Neurophysiol. 40:692-707.
1977 Carew, T.J. and Kandel, E.R. Inking in Aplysia californica. II. Central program for inking. J. Neurophysiol. 40:708-720.
1977 Carew, T.J. and Kandel, E.R. Inking in Aplysia californica. III. Two different synaptic conductance mechanisms for triggering central program for inking. J. Neurophysiol. 40:721- 734.
1977 Gardner, D. and Kandel, E.R. Physiological and kinetic properties of cholinergic receptors activated by multiaction interneurons in buccal ganglia of Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 40:333- 348.
1977 Koester, J. and Kandel, E.R. Further identification of neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia using behavioral criteria. Brain Res., 121:1-20.
1977 Pinsker, H.M. and Kandel, E.R. Short-term modulation of endogenous bursting rhythms by monosynaptic inhibition in Aplysia neurons: Effects of contingent stimulation. Brain Res. 125:51-64.
1978 Byrne, J.H., Castellucci, V.F., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Stimulus-response relations and stability of mechanoreceptor and motor neurons mediating defensive gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 41:402-417.
1978 Byrne, J.H., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R. Contribution of individual mechanoreceptor sensory neurons to defensive gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 41:418-431.
1978 Castellucci, V.F., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Cellular analysis of long-term habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica. Science 202:1306-1308.
1978 Klein, M. and Kandel, E.R. Presynaptic modulation of voltage- dependent Ca2 current: Mechanism for behavioral sensitization in Aplysia californica. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:3512-3516.
1979 Kandel, E.R. Cellular aspects of learning. In Brain Mechanisms in Memory and Learning: From the Single Neuron to Man, M.A.B. Brazier, ed. New York: Raven Press, pp. 3-16.
1979 Kandel, E.R. Small systems of neurons. Sci. Am. 241(1):67-76.
1979 Kandel, E.R. Psychotherapy and the single synapse: The impact of psychiatric thought on neurobiological research. (Semrad Memorial Lecture). New Eng. J. Med. 301:1028-1037.
1979 Bailey, C.H., Castellucci, V.F., Koester, J., and Kandel, E.R. Cellular studies of peripheral neurons in siphon skin of Aplysia californica. J. Neurophysiol. 42:530-557.
1979 Bailey, C.H., Thompson, E.B., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R. Ultrastructure of the synapses of sensory neurons that mediate the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. J. Neurocytol. 8:415-444.
1979 Carew, T.J., Castellucci, V.F., Byrne, J., and Kandel, E.R. Quantitative analysis of relative contribution of central and peripheral neurons to gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. J. Neurophysiol. 42:497-509.
1979 Kandel, E.R. Cellular insights into behavior and learning. In The Harvey Lectures, Series 73, D. Marcus, ed. New York: Academic Press, pp. 19-92.
1979 Schacher, S., Kandel, E.R., and Woolley, R. Development of neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. I. Axosomatic synaptic contacts. Dev. Biol. 71:163-175.
1979 Schacher, S., Kandel, E.R., and Woolley, R. Development of neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. II. Nonneural support cells. Dev. Biol. 71:176-190.
1979 Carew, T.J., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R. Sensitization in Aplysia: Restoration of transmission in synapses inactivated by long-term habituation. Science 205:417-419.
1979 Hening, W.A., Walters, E.T., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Motorneuronal control of locomotion in Aplysia. Brain Res. 179:231-253.
1979 Walters, E.T., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Classical conditioning in Aplysia californica. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:6675-6679.
1980 Shapiro, E., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R. Presynaptic membrane potential affects transmitter release in an identified neuron in Aplysia by modulating the Ca2 and K currents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:629-633.
1980 Shapiro, E., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R. Presynaptic inhibition in Aplysia involves a decrease in the Ca2 current of the presynaptic neuron. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:1185- 1189.
1980 Kandel, E.R., Kriegstein, A., and Schacher, S. Development of the central nervous system of Aplysia in the terms of the differentiation of its specific identifiable cells. Neuroscience 5:2033-2063.
1980 Rayport, S. and Kandel, E.R. Developmental modulation of an identified electrical synapse: Functional uncoupling. J. Neurophysiol. 44:555-567.
1980 Klein, M. and Kandel, E.R. Mechanism of calcium current modulation underlying presynaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:6912- 6916.
1980 Castellucci, V.F., Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., Wilson, F.D., Nairn, A.C., and Greengard, P. Intracellular injection of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase simulates facilitation of transmitter release underlying behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:7492-7496.
1980 Carew, T.J., Castellucci, V.F., Walters, E.T., and Kandel, E.R. Behavioral and cellular studies of learning and memory in Aplysia. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. pp. 241-249.
1980 Klein, M., Shapiro, E., and Kandel, E.R. Synaptic plasticity and the modulation of the Ca current. J. Exp. Biol. 89:117-157.
1981 Hawkins, R.D., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R. Interneurons involved in mediation and modulation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. I. Identification and characterization. J. Neurophysiol. 45:304-314.
1981 Hawkins, R.D., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R. Interneurons involved in mediation and modulation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. II. Identified neurons produce heterosynaptic facilitation contributing to behavioral sensitization. J. Neurophysiol. 45:315- 326.
1981 Bailey, C.H., Hawkins, R.D., Chen, M.C., and Kandel, E.R. Interneurons involved in mediation and modulation of gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. IV. Morphological basis of presynaptic facilitation. J. Neurophysiol. 45:340-360.
1981 Carew, T.J., Walters, E.T., and Kandel, E.R. Associative learning in Aplysia: Cellular correlates supporting a conditioned fear hypothesis. Science 211:501-504.
1981 Walters, E.T., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Associative learning in Aplysia: Evidence for conditioned fear in an invertebrate. Science 211:504-506.
1981 Kandel, E.R., Klein, M., Bailey, C.H., Hawkins, R.D., Castellucci, V.F., Lubit, B.W., and Schwartz, J.H. Serotonin, cyclic AMP and the modulation of the calcium current during behavioral arousal. In Serotonin, Neurotransmission, and Behavior, A. Gelperin and B. Jacobs, eds. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, pp. 211-254.
1981 Hawkins, R.D., Bailey, C.H., Chen, M., and Kandel, E.R. Cellular studies of identified neurons producing presynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. In Advances in Physiological Sciences - Proceedings and Satellite Symposia of the 28th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Budapest. New York: Pergamon Press, pp. 387-392.
1981 Shapiro, E., Klein, M., and Kandel, E.R. Ionic mechanisms and behavioral functions of presynaptic facilitation and presynaptic inhibition in Aplysia: A model system for studying the modulation of signal transmission in sensory neurons. In Progress in Sensory Physiology 1, D. Ottoson, H. Autrum, E.R. Perl and R.F. Schmidt, eds. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 97-137.
1981 Kandel, E.R. and Castellucci, V.F. Cellular approaches to short- and long-term memory and to nonassociative and associative learning. In Psychiatry and the Biology of the Human Brain. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland, pp. 103-138.
1981 Paris, C.G., Castellucci, V.F., Kandel, E.R., and Schwartz, J.H. Protein phosphorylation, presynaptic facilitation, and behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Reprinted from Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation, Volume 8: Protein Phosphorylation. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp. 1361-1375.
1981 Ohmori, H., Rayport, S.G., and Kandel, E.R. Emergence of posttetanic potentiation as a distinct phase in the differentiation of an identified synapse in Aplysia. Science 213:1016- 1018.
1981 Rayport, S.G. and Kandel, E.R. Epileptogenic agents enhance transmission at an identified weak electrical synapse in Aplysia. Science 213:462-464.
1981 Carew, T.J., Walters, E.T., and Kandel, E.R.Classical conditioning in a simple withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. J. Neurosci. 1:1426-1437.
1981 Walters, E.T., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R.Behavioral and neuronal evidence for conditioned fear in Aplysia. In Neurobiology of Invertebrates, J. Salanki, ed. New York: Pergamon Press, pp. 295-303.
1981 Kandel, E.R. Calcium and the control of synaptic strength by learning. Nature 293:697-700.
1982 Walters, E.T., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Habituation, sensitization and associative learning in Aplysia. In The Neural Basis of Behavior, A.L. Beckman, ed. Jamaica, N.Y.: Spectrum, pp. 117-138.
1982 Scheller, R.H., Jackson, J.F., McAllister, L.B., Schwartz, J.H., Kandel, E.R., and Axel, R. A family of genes that codes for ELH, a neuropeptide eliciting a stereotyped pattern of behavior in Aplysia. Cell 28:707-719.
1982 Kandel, E.R. and Schwartz, J.H. Molecular biology of learning: Modulation of transmitter release. Science 218:433-443.
1982 Kretz, R., Shapiro, E., and Kandel, E.R. Post-tetanic potentiation at an identified synapse in Aplysia is correlated with a Ca2 -activated K current in the presynaptic neuron: Evidence for Ca2 accumulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5430-5434.
1982 Klein, M., Camardo, J.S., and Kandel, E.R. Serotonin modulates a specific potassium current in the sensory neurons that show presynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5713-5717.
1982 Siegelbaum, S., Camardo, J.S., and Kandel, E.R. Serotonin and cAMP close single K channels in Aplysia sensory neurones. Nature 299:413-417.
1982 Castellucci, V.F., Nairn, A., Greengard, P., Schwartz, J.H., and Kandel, E.R. Inhibitor of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase blocks presynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. J. Neurosci. 2:1673-1681.
1982 Bernier, L., Castellucci, V.F., Kandel E.R., and Schwartz, J.H. Facilitatory transmitter causes a selective and prolonged increase in adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate in sensory neurons mediating the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. J. Neurosci. 2:1682-1691.
Carew, T.J., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R.Differential classical conditioning of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. Science 219:397-400.
1983 Hawkins, R.D., Abrams, T.W., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. A cellular mechanism of classical conditioning in Aplysia: Activity-dependent amplification of presynaptic facilitation. Science 219:400-405.
1983 Carew, T.J., Abrams, T.W., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R.The use of single invertebrate systems to explore psychological issues related to associative learning. In Primary Neural Substrates of Learning and Behavior Change, D.L. Alkon and J. Farley, eds. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 169-183.
1983 Kandel, E.R.From metapsychology to molecular biology: Explorations into the nature of anxiety. Am. J. Psych. 140(10):1277-1293.
1983 McAllister, L.B., Scheller, R.H., Kandel, E.R., and Axel, R.In situ hybridization to study the origin and fate of identified neurons. Science 222:800-808.
1983 Camardo, J.S., Shuster, M.J., Siegelbaum, S.A., and Kandel, E.R.Modulation of a specific potassium channel in sensory neurons of Aplysia by serotonin and cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 48:213-220.
1983 Schwartz, J.H., Bernier, L., Castellucci, V.F., Palazzolo, M., Saitoh, T., Stapleton, A., and Kandel, E.R. What molecular steps determine the time course of the memory for short-term sensitization in Aplysia? Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 48:811-819.
1983 Kandel, E.R., Abrams, T., Bernier, L., Carew, T.J., Hawkins, R.D., and Schwartz, J.H. Classical conditioning and sensitization share aspects of the same molecular cascade in Aplysia. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 48:821-830.
1983 Kandel, E.R. Neurobiology and molecular biology: The second encounter. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 48:891-908.
1983 Walters, E.T., Byrne, J.H., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Mechanoefferent neurons innervating tail of Aplysia: I. Response properties and synaptic connections. J. Neurophysiol. 50:1522-1542.
1983 Walters, E.T., Byrne, J.H., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R. Mechanoefferent neurons innervating tail of Aplysia: II. Modulation by sensitizing stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 50:1543-1559.
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1984 Clark, G.A, and Kandel, E.R. Branch-specific heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplysia siphon sensory cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:2577-2581.
1984 Kretz, R., Shapiro, E., Connor, J., and Kandel, E.R. Posttetanic potentiation, presynaptic inhibition, and the modulation of the free Ca2 level in the presynaptic terminals. Exp. Brain Res. Suppl. 9:240-283.
1984 Hawkins, R.D. and Kandel, E.R. Is there a cell biological alphabet for simple forms of learning? Psychol. Rev. 91:375-391.
1984 Carew, T.J., Hawkins, R.D., Abrams, T.W., and Kandel, E.R.A test of Hebb's postulate at identified synapses which mediate classical conditioning in Aplysia. J. Neurosci. 4:1217-1224.
1984 Abrams, T.W., Castellucci, V.F., Camardo, J.S., Kandel, E.R., and Lloyd, P.E.Two endogenous neuropeptides modulate the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia by presynaptic facilitation involving cAMP-dependent closure of a serotonin-sensitive potassium channel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:7956-7960.
1984 Boyle, M.B., Klein, M., Smith, S.J., and Kandel, E.R.Serotonin increases intracellular Ca2 transients in voltage-clamped sensory neurons of Aplysia californica. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:7642-7646.
1985 Shuster, M.J., Camardo, J.S., Siegelbaum, S.A., and Kandel, E.R.Cyclic AMP- dependent protein kinase closes the serotonin-sensitive K channels of Aplysia sensory neurones in cell-free membrane patches. Nature 313:392-395.
1985 Kandel, E.R.Steps toward a molecular grammar for learning: Explorations into the nature of memory. In Medicine, Science, and Society, Symposia Celebrating The Harvard Medical School Bicentennial, K.J. Isselbacher, ed. New York: Wiley, pp. 555-604.
1985 Bailey, C.H. and Kandel, E.R.Molecular approaches to the study of short-term and long-term memory. In Functions of the Brain, C.W. Coen, ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 98-129.
1985 Kistler, H.B. Jr., Hawkins, R.D., Koester, J., Steinbusch, H.W.M., Kandel, E.R. and Schwartz, J.H.Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies and processes in the abdominal ganglion of mature Aplysia. J. Neurosci. 5:72-80.
1985 Walters, E.T., Byrne, J.H., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R.A comparison of simple defensive reflexes in Aplysia: Implications for general mechanisms of integration and plasticity. In Comparative Neurobiology: Modes of Communication in the Nervous System, M.J. Cohen and F. Strumwasser, eds. New York: Wiley Interscience, pp. 181-205.
1985 Frost, W.N., Castellucci, V.F., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R. Monosynaptic connections made by the sensory neurons of the gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia participate in the storage of long-term memory for sensitization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:8266-8269.
1986 Castellucci, V.F., Schacher, S., Montarolo, P.G., Mackey, S., Glanzman, D.L., Hawkins, R.D., Abrams, T.W., Goelet, P., and Kandel, E.R.Convergence of small molecule and peptide transmitters on a common molecular cascade. In Coexistence of Neuronal Messengers: A New Principle in Chemical Transmission, Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 68, T. Hökfelt, K. Fuxe and P. Pernow, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 83-102.
1986 Kretz, R., Shapiro, E., and Kandel, E.R.Presynaptic inhibition produced by an identified presynaptic inhibitory neuron. I. Physiological mechanisms. J. Neurophysiol. 55:113-130.
1986 Kretz, R., Shapiro, E., Bailey, C.H., Chen, M., and Kandel, E.R.Presynaptic inhibition produced by an identified presynaptic inhibitory neuron. II. Presynaptic conductance changes caused by histamine. J. Neurophysiol. 55:131-146.
1986 Rayport, S.G. and Kandel, E.R.Development of plastic mechanisms related to learning at identified chemical synaptic connections in Aplysia. Neuroscience 17(2):283-294.
1986 Goelet, P., Castellucci, V.F., Schacher, S., and Kandel, E.R.The long and short of long-term memory - a molecular framework. Nature 322:419-422.
1986 Hawkins, R.D., Carew, T.J., and Kandel, E.R.Effects of interstimulus interval and contingency on classical conditioning of the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex. J. Neurosci. 6:1695-1701.
1986 Montarolo, P., Schacher, S., Castellucci, V.F., Hawkins, R.D., Abrams, T.W., Goelet, P., and Kandel, E.R.Interrelationships of cellular mechanisms for different forms of learning and memory. In Molecular Aspects of Neurobiology, R. Levi Montalcini, P. Calissano, E.R. Kandel, and A. Maggi, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 1-14.
1986 Belardetti, F., Schacher, S., Kandel, E.R., and Siegelbaum, S.A.Serotonin modulates the action potential in growth cone precursors of sensory neuron terminals in Aplysia. In Molecular Aspects of Neurobiology, R. Levi Montalcini, P. Calissano, E.R. Kandel, and A. Maggi, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 15-18.
1986 Belardetti, F., Schacher, S., Kandel, E.R., and Siegelbaum, S.The growth cones of Aplysia sensory neurons: Modulation by serotonin of action potential duration and single potassium channel currents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:7094-7098.
1986 Clark, G.A., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R.Cell biological perspectives on learning. In Diseases of the Nervous System, Vol. I: Clinical Neurobiology, A.K. Asbury, G.M. McKhann, and W.I. McDonald, eds. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 79-97.
1986 Kandel, E.R., Klein, M., Castellucci, V.F., Schacher, S., and Goelet, P.Some principles emerging from the study of short- and long-term memory. Neurosci. Res. 3:498- 520.
1986 Goelet, P. and Kandel, E.R.Tracking the flow of learned information from membrane receptors to genome. Trends Neurosci. 9:472-499.
1986 Klein, M., Hochner, B., and Kandel, E.R.Facilitatory transmitters and cAMP can modulate accommodation as well as transmitter release in Aplysia sensory neurons: Evidence for parallel processing in a single cell. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:7994-7998.
1986 Hochner, B., Klein, M., Schacher, S., and Kandel, E.R.Action-potential duration and the modulation of transmitter release from the sensory neurons of Aplysia in presynaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8410-8414.
1986 Hochner, B., Klein, M., Schacher, S., and Kandel, E.R.Additional component in the cellular mechanism of presynaptic facilitation contributes to behavioral dishabituation in Aplysia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8794-8798.
1986 Montarolo, P.G., Goelet, P., Castellucci, V.F., Morgan, J., Kandel, E.R., and Schacher, S. A critical period for macromolecular synthesis in long-term heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. Science 234:1249-1254.
1986 Castellucci, V.F., Frost, W.N., Goelet, P., Montarolo, P.G., Schacher, S., Morgan, J.A., Blumenfeld, H., and Kandel, E.R.Cell and molecular analysis of long-term sensitization in Aplysia. J. Physiol. (Paris) 81:349-357.
1987 Belardetti, F., Kandel, E.R., and Siegelbaum, S. Neuronal inhibition by the peptide FMRFamide involves opening of S K channels. Nature 325:153-156.
1987 Kandel, E.R., Klein, M., Hochner, B., Shuster, M., Siegelbaum, S., Hawkins, R., Glanzman, D., Castellucci, V.F., and Abrams, T.Synaptic modulation and learning: New insights into synaptic transmission from the study of behavior. In Synaptic Function, G.M. Edelman, W.E. Gall and W.M. Cowan, eds. New York: Wiley, pp. 471-518.
1987 Kandel, E.R., Castellucci, V.F., Goelet, P., and Schacher, S.Cell-biological interrelationships between short-term and long- term memory. In Molecular Neurobiology in Neurology and Psychiatry, E.R. Kandel, ed. New York: Raven Press, pp. 111-132.
1987 Piomelli, D., Volterra, A., Dale, N., Siegelbaum, S.A., Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., and Belardetti, F.Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid as second messengers for presynaptic inhibition of Aplysia sensory cells. Nature 328:38-43.
1987 Dale, N., Kandel, E.R., and Schacher, S.Serotonin produces long-term changes in the excitability of Aplysia sensory neurons in culture that depend on new protein synthesis. J. Neurosci. 7:2232-2238.
1987 Klein, M., Hochner, B., and Kandel, E.R.Parallel processing in presynaptic facilitation in Aplysia: A possible molecular distinction between sensitization and dishabituation. In Neurobiology: Molluscan Models, H.H. Boer, W.P.M. Geraerts and J. Joosse, eds. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 326-329.
1987 Hawkins, R.D., Clark, G.A., and Kandel, E.R.Cell biological studies of learning in simple vertebrate and invertebrate systems. In Handbook of Physiology, Section 1: The Nervous System. Vol. V Higher Functions of the Nervous System, Part 1. V.B. Mountcastle, F. Plum and S.R. Geiger, eds. Bethesda, Md.: American Physiological Society, pp. 25-83.
1987 Kandel, E.R., Schacher, S., Castellucci, V.F., and Goelet, P.The long and short of memory in Aplysia: A molecular perspective. In Fidia Research Foundation Neuroscience Award Lectures 1986. Padua, Italy: Liviana Press, pp. 7-47.
1987 Belardetti, F., Kandel, E.R., and Siegelbaum, S.A.The molecular logic of presynaptic facilitation and inhibition. In Receptor-Receptor Interactions, A New Intramembrane Integrative Mechanism. K. Fuxe and L.F. Agnati, eds. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants., England: Macmillan, pp. 454-483.
1987 Dash, P., Lotan, I., Knapp, M., Kandel, E.R., and Goelet, P.Selective elimination of mRNAs in vivo: Complementary oligonucleotides promote RNA degradation by an RNase H-like activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7896-7900.
1987 Mackey, S.L., Glanzman, D.L., Small, S.A., Dyke, A.M., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Tail shock produces inhibition as well as sensitization of the siphon-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia: Possible behavioral role for presynaptic inhibition mediated by the peptide Phe- Met-Arg-Phe-NH2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8730-8734.
1987 Yovell, Y., Kandel, E.R., Dudai, Y., and Abrams, T.W.Biochemical correlates of short-term sensitization in Aplysia. Temporal analysis of adenylate cyclase stimulation in a perfused-membrane preparation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:9285-9289.
1988 Dale, N., Schacher, S., and Kandel, E.R.Long-term facilitation in Aplysia involves increase in transmitter release. Science 239:282-285.
1988 Abrams, T.W. and Kandel, E.R.Is contiguity detection in classical conditioning a systems or a cellular property? Learning in Aplysia suggests a possible molecular site. Trends Neurosci. 11:128-135.
1988 Frost, W.N., Clark, G.A., and Kandel, E.R.Parallel processing of short-term memory for sensitization in Aplysia. J. Neurobiol. 19:297-334.
1988 Montarolo, P.G., Kandel, E.R., and Schacher, S.Long-term heterosynaptic inhibition in Aplysia. Nature 333:171-174.
1988 Schacher, S., Castellucci, V.F., and Kandel, E.R.cAMP evokes long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons that requires new protein synthesis. Science 240:1667-1669.
1988 Castellucci, V.F., Kennedy, T.E., Kandel, E.R., and Goelet, P.A quantitative analysis of 2-D gels identifies proteins in which labeling is increased following long-term sensitization in Aplysia. Neuron 1:321-328.
1988 Kennedy, T.E., Gawinowicz, M.A., Barzilai, A., Kandel, E.R., and Sweatt, J.D. Sequencing of proteins from two-dimensional gels using in situ digestion and transfer of pepides to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Application to proteins associated with sensitization in Aplysia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:7008-7012
1988 Kennedy, T.E., Wager-Smith, K., Barzilai, A., Kandel, E.R., and Sweatt, J.D. Sequencing proteins from acrylamide gels. Nature 336:499-500.
1988 Sweatt, D., Volterra, A., Siegelbaum, S.A., and Kandel, E.R. Molecular convergence of presynaptic inhibition and presynaptic facilitation on common substrate proteins of individual sensory neurons of Aplysia. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 53:395-405.
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1989 Castellucci, V.F., Blumenfeld, H., Goelet, P., and Kandel, E.R. Inhibitor of protein synthesis blocks long-term behavioral sensitization in the isolated gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia. J. Neurobiol. 20:1-9.
1989 Small, S.A., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Activity-dependent enhancement of presynaptic inhibition in Aplysia sensory neuron. Science 243:1603-1606.
1989 Sweatt, J.D., Kennedy, T.E., Wager-Smith, K., Gawinowicz, M.A., Barzilai, A., Karl, K.A., and Kandel, E.R.Development of a database of amino acid sequences for proteins identified and isolated on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. Electrophoresis 10:152-157.
1989 Glanzman, D., Sweatt, D., Dale, N., Schacher, S., Barzilai, A., Kennedy. T., and Kandel, E.R. Long-term memory in Aplysia: Its characterization by protein synthesis and neuronal growth. In Neuromuscular Junction, L.C. Sellin, R. Libelius and S. Thesleff, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 489-497.
1989 Kandel, E.R. Genes, nerve cells, and the remembrance of things past. J. Neuropsychiatry 1:103-125.
1989 Sweatt, D. and Kandel, E.R. Persistent and transcriptionally-dependent increase in protein phosphorylation in long-term facilitation of Aplysia sensory neurons. Nature 339:51- 54.
1989 Barzilai, A., Kennedy, T.E., Sweatt, J.D., and Kandel, E.R. 5-HT modulates protein synthesis and the expression of specific proteins during long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 2:1577-1586.
1989 Volterra, A., Siegelbaum, S.A., Sweatt, J.D., and Kandel, E.R. Presynaptic inhibition, presynaptic facilitation, and the molecular logic of second-messenger systems. In Molecular and Cellular Aspects of the Drug Addictions, A. Goldstein, ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 159-197.
1989 Glanzman, D.L., Kandel, E.R., and Schacher, S. Identified target motor neuron regulates neurite outgrowth and synapse formation of Aplysia sensory neurons in vitro. Neuron 3:441-450.
1989 Hawkins, R.D., Lalevic, N., Clark, G.A., and Kandel, E.R. Classical conditioning of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex exhibits response specificity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:7620-7624.
1989 Sweatt, J.D., Volterra, A., Edmonds, B., Karl, K.A., Siegelbaum, S.A., and Kandel, E.R. FMRFamide reverses protein phosphorylation produced by 5-HT and cAMP in Aplysia sensory neurons. Nature 342:275-278.
1989 Glanzman, D.L., Mackey, S.L., Hawkins, R.D., Dyke, A.M., Lloyd, P.E., and Kandel, E.R. Depletion of serotonin in the nervous system of Aplysia reduces the behavioral enhancement of gill withdrawal as well as the heterosynaptic facilitation produced by tail shock. J. Neurosci. 9:4200-4213.
1989 Mackey, S.L., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Identified serotonergic neurons LCB1 and RCB1 in the cerebral ganglia of Aplysia produce presynaptic facilitation of siphon sensory neurons. J. Neurosci. 9:4227-4235.
1989 Eliot, L., Dudai, Y., Kandel, E.R., and Abrams, T.W.Ca2 /calmodulin sensitivity may be common to all forms of neural adenylate cyclase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:9564-9568.
1989 Sweatt, D., Kennedy, T., Barzilai, A., Glanzman, D., and Kandel, E.R. Molecular mechanisms for long-term memory in Aplysia. In Brain Signal Transduction and Memory, M. Ito and Y. Nishizuka, eds. Tokyo: Academic Press.
1989 Kandel, E.R., Glanzman, D., Dale, N., Schacher, S., Barzilai, A., Kennedy, T., and Sweatt, D. A molecular biological approach to long-term memory in Aplysia. In Fundamentals of Memory Formation: Neuronal Plasticity and Brain Function, H. Rahmann, ed. Stuttgart: Verlag.
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1990 Braha, O., Dale, N., Hochner, B., Klein, M., Abrams, T.W., and Kandel, E.R. Second messengers involved in the two processes of presynaptic facilitation that contribute to sensitization and dishabituation in Aplysia sensory neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:2040-2044.
1990 Bergold, P.J., Sweatt, J.D., Winicov, I., Weiss, K.R., Kandel, E.R., and Schwartz, J.H. Protein synthesis during acquisition of long-term facilitation is needed for the persistent loss of regulatory subunits of the Aplysia cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:3788-3791.
1990 Dash, P.K., Hochner, B., and Kandel, E.R. Injection of cAMP-responsive element into the nucleus of Aplysia sensory neurons blocks long-term facilitation. Nature 345:718- 721.
1990 Glanzman, D.L., Kandel, E.R., and Schacher, S. Target-dependent structural changes accompanying long-term synaptic facilitation in Aplysia neurons. Science 249:799-802.
1990 Blumenfeld, H., Spira, M.E., Kandel, E.R., and Siegelbaum, S.A. Facilitatory and inhibitory transmitters modulate calcium influx during action potentials in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 5:487-499.
1990 Schacher, S., Montarolo, P.G., and Kandel, E.R. Selective short- and long-term effects of serotonin, small cardioactive peptide, and tetanic stimulation on sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia in culture J. Neurosci. 10:3268-3294.
1990 Edmonds, B., Klein, M., Dale, N., and Kandel, E.R. Contribution of two types of calcium channels to synaptic transmission and plasticity. Science 250:1142-1147.
1990 Hawkins, R.D. and Kandel, E.R. Hippocampal LTP and synaptic plasticity in Aplysia: Possible relationship of associative cellular mechanisms. Semin. Neurosci. 2:391- 401.
1990 Schacher, S., Glanzman, D., Barzilai, A., Dash, P., Grant, S.G.N., Keller, F., Mayford, M., and Kandel, E.R. Long-term facilitation in Aplysia: Persistent phosphorylation and structural changes. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 55:187-202.
1991 Pfaffinger, P.J., Furukawa, Y., Zhao, B., Dugan, D., and Kandel, E.R. Cloning and expression of an Aplysia K channel and comparison with native Aplysia K? currents. J. Neurosci. 11:918-927.
1991 Brunet, J.-F., Shapiro, E., Foster, S.A., Kandel, E.R., and Iino, Y. Identification of a peptide specific for Aplysia sensory neurons by PCR-based differential screening. Science 252:856-859.
1991 Siegelbaum, S.A. and Kandel, E.R. Learning related synaptic plasticity: LTP and LTD. Curr. Opinion Neurobiol. 1:113-120.
1991 Dash, P.K., Karl, K.A., Colicos, M.A., Prywes, R., and Kandel, E.R. cAMP response element-binding protein is activated by Ca2+/calmodulin- as well as cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:5061-5065.
1991 O'Dell, T.J., Kandel, E.R., and Grant, S.G.N. Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus is blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Nature 353:558-560.
1991 Abrams, T.W., Karl, K.A., and Kandel, E.R.Biochemical studies of stimulus convergence during classical conditioning in Aplysia: Dual regulation of adenylate cyclase by Ca2 /calmodulin and transmitter. J. Neurosci. 11:2655-2665.
1991 O'Dell, T.J., Hawkins, R.D., Kandel, E.R., and Arancio, O. Tests of the roles of two diffusible substances in long-term potentiation: Evidence for nitric oxide as a possible early retrograde messenger. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:11285-11289.
1991 Glanzman, D.L., Kandel, E.R., and Schacher, S. Target-dependent morphological segregation of Aplysia sensory outgrowth in vitro. Neuron 7:903-913.
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1992 Furukawa, Y., Kandel, E.R., and Pfaffinger, P. Three types of early transient potassium currents in Aplysia neurons. J. Neurosci. 12:989-1000.
1992 Kandel, E. and Squire, L. Cognitive neuroscience: Editorial overview. Curr. Opinion Neurobiol. 2:143-145.
1992 Mayford, M., Barzilai, A., Keller, F., Schacher, S., and Kandel, E.R. Modulation of an NCAM-related adhesion molecule with long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia. Science 256:638-644.
1992 Bailey, C.H., Chen, M., Keller, F., and Kandel, E.R. Serotonin-mediated endocytosis of apCAM: An early step of learning-related synaptic growth in Aplysia. Science 256:645- 649.
1992 Small, S.A., Cohen, T.E., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Identified FMRF-amide- immunoreactive neuron LPL16 in the left pleural ganglion of Aplysia produces presynaptic inhibition of siphon sensory neurons. J. Neurosci. 12:1616-1627.
1992 Kandel, E.R. and Hawkins, R.D. The biological basis of learning and individuality. Sci. Am. 267(3):78-86.
1992 Kennedy, T.E., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R. Molecular interrelationships between short- and long-term memory. In Neuropsychology of Memory, 2nd ed., L.R. Squire and N. Butters, eds. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 557-574.
1992 Ghirardi, M., Braha, O., Hochner, B., Montarolo, P.G., Kandel, E.R., and Dale, N. Roles of PKA and PKC in facilitation of evoked and spontaneous transmitter release at depressed and nondepressed synapses in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 9:479-489.
1992 Bailey, C.H., Montarolo, P., Chen, M., Kandel, E.R., and Schacher, S. Inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis block structural changes that accompany long-term heterosynaptic plasticity in Aplysia. Neuron 9:749-758.
1992 Kandel, E.R. and O'Dell, T.J. Are adult learning mechanisms also used for development? Science 258:243-245.
1992 Hochner, B. and Kandel, E.R. Modulation of a transient K current in the pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia by serotonin and cAMP: Implications for spike broadening. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:11476-11480.
1992 Grant, S.G.N., O'Dell, T.J., Karl, K.A., Stein, P.L., Soriano, P., and Kandel, E.R. Impaired long-term potentiation, spatial learning, and hippocampal development in fyn mutant mice. Science 258:1903-1910.
1992 Kennedy, T.E., Kuhl, D., Barzilai, A., Sweatt, J.D., and Kandel, E.R. Long-term sensitization training in Aplysia leads to an increase in calreticulin, a major presynaptic calcium-binding protein. Neuron 9:1013-1024.
1992 Kuhl, D., Kennedy, T.E., Barzilai, A., and Kandel, E.R. Long-term sensitization training in Aplysia leads to an increase in the expression of BiP, the major protein chaperon of the ER. J. Cell Biol. 119:1069-1076.
1992 Yovell, Y., Kandel, E.R., Dudai, Y., and Abrams, T.M. A quantitative study of the Ca2 /calmodulin sensitivity of adenylyl cyclase in Aplysia, Drosophila, and rat. J. Neurochem. 59:1736-1744.
1992 O'Dell, T.J., Grant, S.G.N., Karl, K., Soriano, P.M., and Kandel, E.R. Pharmacological and genetic approaches to the analysis of tyrosine kinase function in long- term potentiation. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 57:517-526.
1993 Jessell, T.M. and Kandel, E.R. Synaptic transmission: A bidirectional and a self- modifiable form of cell-cell communication. Cell 72/Neuron 10 (Suppl.):1-30.
1993 Hawkins, R.D., Kandel, E.R., and Siegelbaum, S.A. Learning to modulate transmitter release: Themes and variations in synaptic plasticity. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 16:625-665.
1993 Qian, Z., Gilbert, M.E., Colicos, M., Kandel, E.R., and Kuhl, D. Tissue-plasminogen activator is induced as an immediate-early gene during seizure, kindling and long-term potentiation. Nature 361:453-457.
1993 Eliot, L.S, Kandel, E.R., Siegelbaum, S.A., and Blumenfeld, H.Imaging terminals of Aplysia sensory neurons demonstrates role of enhanced Ca2 influx in presynaptic facilitation. Nature 361:634-637.
1993 Bailey, C.H. and Kandel, E.R. Structural changes accompanying memory storage. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 55:397-426.
1993 Kaang, B.-K., Kandel, E.R., and Grant, S.G.N. Activation of cAMP-responsive genes by stimuli that produce long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 10:427-435.
1993 Braha, O., Edmonds, B., Klein, M., Sacktor, T., and Kandel, E.R. The contributions of protein kinase A and protein kinase C to the actions of 5-HT on the L-type Ca2? current of the sensory neurons in Aplysia. J. Neurosci. 13;1839-1851.
1993 Bacskai, B.J., Hochner, B., Mahaut-Smith, M., Adams, S.R., Kaang, B.-K., Kandel, E.R., and Tsien, R.Y. Spatially resolved dynamics of cAMP and protein kinase A subunits in Aplysia sensory neurons. Science 260:222-226.
1993 Hu, Y., Barzilai, A., Chen, M., Bailey, C.H. and Kandel, E.R. 5-HT and cAMP induce the formation of coated pits and vesicles and increase the expression of clathrin light chain in sensory neurons of Aplysia. Neuron 10:921-929.
1993 Frey, U., Huang, Y.-Y., and Kandel, E.R. Effects of cAMP simulate a late stage of LTP in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Science 260:1661-1664.
1993 Schacher, S., Kandel, E.R., and Montarolo, P.-G. cAMP and arachidonic acid simulate long-term structural and functional changes produced by neurotransmitters in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 10:1079-1088.
1993 Zhuo, M., Small, S.A., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide produce activity-dependent long-term synaptic enhancement in hippocampus. Science 260:1946-1950.
1993 Dale, N. and Kandel, E.R. L-glutamate may be the fast excitatory transmitter of Aplysia sensory neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7163-7167.
1993 Clark, G.A. and Kandel, E.R. Induction of long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons by local application of serotonin to remote synapses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11411-11415.
1993 Adams, S.R., Bacskai, B.J., Hochner, B., Kaang, B.-K., Kandel, E.R., Mahaut-Smith, M., and Tsien, R.Y. Confocal imaging of cAMP signals in Aplysia neurons. Japanese J. Physiol. 43(Suppl):S91-S93.
1993 Kandel, E.R. The switch from short- to long-term facilitation at the connections between sensory and motor neurons of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. In Memory Concepts - 1993: Basic and Clinical Aspects, P. Anderson, O. Hvalby, P. Paulsen, and B. Hökfelt, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 93-97.
1994 Eliot, L.S., Hawkins, R.D., Kandel, E.R., and Schacher, S. Pairing-specific, activity- dependent presynaptic facilitation at Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses in isolated cell culture. J. Neurosci. 14:368-383.
1994 Bailey, C.H. and Kandel, E.R. Structural changes underlying long-term memory storage in Aplysia: A molecular perspective. Semin. Neurosci. 6:35-44.
1994 Alberini, C., Ghirardi, M., Metz, R., and Kandel, E.R. C/EBP is an immediate-early gene required for the consolidation of long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Cell 76:1099-1114.
1994 Kandel, M. and Kandel, E. Flights of memory. Discover 15(5):32-38.
1994 Zhuo, M., Hu, Y., Schultz, C., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Role of guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase in long-term potentiation. Nature 368:635-639.
1994 Huang, Y.-Y. and Kandel, E.R. Recruitment of long-lasting and protein kinase A- dependent long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of hippocampus requires repeated tetanization. Learning & Memory 1:74-82.
1994 Zhuo, M., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Nitric oxide and cGMP can produce either synaptic depression or potentiation depending on the frequency of presynaptic stimulation in hippocampus. NeuroReport 5:1033-1036.
1994 Eliot, L.S., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Modulation of spontaneous transmitter release during depression and posttetanic potentiation of Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses isolated in culture. J. Neurosci. 14:3280-3292.
1994 Kandel, E.R. Structural and molecular changes with long-term memory for sensitzation. In Molecular Neurobiology, Proceedings of the Second NIMH Conference, S. Zalcman, R. Scheller, and R. Tsien, eds. Rockville, Md.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, pp. 121-128.
1994 O'Dell, T.J., Huang, P.L., Dawson, T.M., Dinerman, J.L., Snyder, S.H., Kandel, E.R., and Fishman, M.C. Endothelial NOS and blockade of LTP by NOS inhibitors in mice lacking neuronal NOS. Science 265:542-546.
1994 Nguyen, P.V., Abel, T., and Kandel, E.R. Requirement of a critical period of transcription for induction of a late phase of LTP. Science 265:1104-1107.
1994 O'Dell, T.J. and Kandel, E.R. Low-frequency stimulation erases LTP through an NMDA receptor-mediated activation of protein phosphatases. Learning & Memory 1:129- 139.
1994 Yamasaki, S., Hu, Y., Binz, T., Kalkuhl, A., Kurazono, H., Tamura, T., Jahn, R., Kandel, E., and Niemann, H. Synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) of Aplysia californica: Structure and proteolysis by tetanus toxin and botulinal neurotoxins type D and F. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:4688-4692.
1994 Huang, Y.-Y., Li, X.-C., and Kandel, E.R. cAMP contributes to mossy fiber LTP by initiating both a covalently-mediated early phase and macromolecular synthesis-dependent late phase. Cell 79:69-79.
1994 Qian, Z., Gilbert, M., and Kandel, E.R. Temporal and spatial regulation of the expression of BAD2, a MAP kinase phosphatase, during seizure, kindling, and long-term potentiation. Learning & Memory 1:180-188.
1994 Bailey, C.H., Alberini, C., Ghirardi, M., and Kandel, E.R. Molecular and structural changes underlying long-term memory storage in Aplysia. In Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release, L. Stjärne, ed. New York: Raven Press, pp. 529- 544.
1994 Zhao, B., Rassendren, F., Kaang, B.-K., Furukawa, Y., Kubo, T., and Kandel, E.R. A new class of noninactivating K? channels from Aplysia capable of contributing to the resting potential and firing patterns of neurons. Neuron 13:1205-1213.
1994 Clark, G.A., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R. Activity-dependent enhancement of presynaptic facilitation provides a cell mechanism for the temporal specificity of classical conditioning in Aplysia. Learning & Memory 1:243-258.
1994 Kandel, E.R. and Hawkins, R.D. Neuronal plasticity and learning. In Decade of the Brain, Vol. I: Neuroscience, Memory, and Language, R.D. Broadwell, L.L. Judd, and D.C. Murphy, eds. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., pp. 45-58.
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1995 Ghirardi, M., Montarolo, P.G., and Kandel, E.R. A novel intermediate stage in the transition between short- to long-term facilitation in the sensory to motor neuron synapse of Aplysia. Neuron 14:413-420.
1995 Huang, Y.-Y. and Kandel, E.R. D1/D5 receptor agonists induce a protein synthesis- dependent late potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:2446-2450.
1995 Mayford, M., Abel, T., and Kandel, E.R. Transgenic approaches to cognition. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5:141-148.
1995 Kandel, E.R. and Abel, T. Neuropeptides, adenylyl cyclase and memory storage. Science 268:825-826.
1995 Mayford, M., Wang, J., Kandel, E.R., and O'Dell, T.J. CaMKII regulates the frequency-response function of hippocampal synapses for the production of both LTD and LTP. Cell 81:891-904.
1995 Bach, M.E., Hawkins, R.D., Osman, M., Kandel, E.R., and Mayford, M. Impairment of spatial but not contextual memory in CaMKII mutant mice with a selective loss of hippocampal LTP in the range of the frequency. Cell 81:905-915.
1995 Arancio, O., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Activity-dependent long-term enhancement of transmitter release by presynaptic 3',5'-cyclic GMP in cultured hippocampal neurons. Nature 376:74-80.
1995 Nguyen, P.V., Alberini, C.M., Huang, Y.-Y., Ghirardi, M., Abel, T., and Kandel, E.R. Genes, synapses and long-term memory. In Challenges and Perspectives in Neuroscience, D. Ottoson, ed. Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier, pp. 213-237.
1995 Alberini, C.M., Ghirardi, M., Huang, Y.-Y, Nguyen, P., and Kandel, E. R. A molecular switch for the consolidation of long-term memory: cAMP-inducible gene expression. In DNA: The Double Helix. Perspective and Prospective at Forty Years, D.A. Chambers, ed. New York: Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 758:261-286.
1995 Frost, W.N. and Kandel, E.R. Structure of the network mediating siphon-elicited siphon withdrawal in Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 73:2413-2427.
1995 Grant, G.N., Karl, K.A., Kiebler, M.A., and Kandel, E.R. Focal adhesion kinase in the brain: novel subcellular localization and specific regulation by Fyn tyrosine kinase in mutant mice. Genes & Development 9:1909-1921.
1995 Skehel, P.A., Martin, K.C., Kandel., E.R., Bartsch, D. A VAMP-binding protein from Aplysia required for neurotransmitter release. Science 269:1580-1583.
1995 Brandon, E.P., Zhuo, M., Huang, Y-Y, Ming, Q., Gerhold, K.A., Burton, K.A., Kandel, E.R., McKnight, G.S., and Idzerda, R.L. Hippocampal long-term depression and depotentiation are defective in mice carrying a targeted disruption of the gene encoding the RI subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:8851-8855.
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1995 Li, X.-C., Giot, J.-F., Kuhl, D., Hen, R., and Kandel, E.R. Cloning and characterization of two related serotonergic receptors from the brain and the reproductive system of Aplysia that activate phospholipase C. J. Neurosci. 15:7585-7591.
1995 Bartsch, D., Ghirardi, M., Skehel, P.A., Karl, K.A., Herder, S.P., Chen, M., Bailey, C.H., and Kandel, E.R. Aplysia CREB2 represses long-term facilitation: Relief of repression converts transient facilitation into long-term functional and structural change. Cell 83:979-992.
1995 Huang, Y.-Y., Kandel, E.R., Varshavsky, L., Brandon, E.P., Qi, M., Idzerda, R.L., McKnight, G.S., and Bourtchouladze, R. A genetic test of the effects of mutations in PKA on mossy fiber LTP and its relation to spatial and contextual learning. Cell 83:1211-1222.
1995 Martin, K.C., Hu, Y., Armitage, B.A., Siegelbaum, S.A., Kandel, E.R., and Kaang, B.-K. Evidence for synaptotagmin as an inhibitory clamp on synaptic vesicle release in Aplysia neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:11307-11311.
1995 Byrne, J. H. and Kandel, E. R. Presynaptic facilitation revisited: State and time dependence. J. Neurosci. 16:425-435.
1995 Abel, T., Alberini, C., Ghirardi, M., Huang, Y.-Y., Nguyen, P., and Kandel, E.R. Steps toward a molecular definition of memory consolidation. In Memory Distortion, D.L. Schacter, ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Chapter 11, pp. 298-325.
1995 Cain, D.P., Grant, S.G.N., Saucier, D., Hargreaves, E.L., and Kandel, E.R. Fyn tyrosine kinase is required for normal amygdala kindling. Epilepsy Res. 22:107-114.
Qi, M., Zhuo, M., Skålhegg, B.S., Brandon, E.P., Kandel, E. R., McKnight, G.S., .and Idzerda, R.L. Impaired hippocampal plasticity in mice lacking the C 1 catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:1571-1576.
1996 Huang, Y.-Y., and Kandel, E.R. Modulation of both the early and the late phase of mossy fiber LTP by the activation of adrenergic receptors. Neuron 16:611-617.
1996 Nguyen, P.V., and Kandel, E.R. A macromolecular synthesis-dependent late phase of LTP requiring cAMP in the medial perforant pathway of rat hippocampal slices. J. Neurosci. 16:3189-3198.
1996 Baranes, D., López-García, J.C., Chen, M., Bailey, C.H. and Kandel, E.R. Reconstitution of the hippocampal mossy fiber and associational-commisural pathways in a novel dissociated cell culture system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:4706-4711.
1996 López-García, J.C., Arancio, O., Kandel, E.R. and Baranes, D.A.A presynaptic locus for long-term potentiation of elementary synaptic transmission at mossy fiber synapses in culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:4712-4717.
1996 Patterson, S.L., Abel, T., Deuel, T.A.S., Martin, K.C., Rose, J.C., and Kandel, E.R. Recombinant BDNF rescues deficits in basal synaptic transmission and hippocampal LTP in BDNF knockout mice. Neuron 16:1137-1145.
1996 Huang, Y.-Y., Bach, M.E., Lipp, H.-P., Zhuo, M., Wolfer, D.P., Hawkins, R.D., Schoonjians, L., Kandel, E.R., Godfraind, J.-M., Mulligan, R., Collen, D., and Carmeliet, P. Mice lacking the gene encoding tissue-type plasminogen activator show a selective interference with late-phase long-term potentiation in both Schaffer collateral and mossy fiber pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:8699-8704.
1996 Huang, Y.-Y., Nguyen, P.V., Abel, T., and Kandel, E.R. Long-lasting forms of synaptic potentiation in the mammalian hippocampus. Learning & Memory 3:74-85.
1996 Martin, K.C., and Kandel, E.R. Cell adhesion molecules, CREB, and the formation of new synaptic connections. Neuron 17:567-570. (Minireview)
1996 Mayford, M., Baranes, D., Podyspanina, K., and Kandel, E.R. The 3'-untranslated region of CaMKII is a cis-acting signal for the localization and translation of mRNA in dendrites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13250-13255.
1996 Mayford, M., Bach, M. E., Huang, Y.-Y., Wang, L., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R. Control of memory formation through regulated expression of a CaMKII transgene. Science 274:1678-1683.
1996 Bailey, C.H., Bartsch, D., and Kandel, E.R. Toward a molecular definition of long- term memory storage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13445-13452.
1996 Tsien, J. Z., Chen, D. F., Gerber, D., Tom, C., Mercer, E.H., Anderson, D.J., Mayford, M., Kandel, E.R., and Tonegawa, S. Subregion- and cell type-restricted gene knockout in mouse brain. Cell 87:1317-1326.
1996 Rotenberg, A., Mayford, M., Hawkins, R.D., Kandel, E.R., and Muller, R.U. Mice expressing activated CaMKII lack low frequency LTP and do not form stable place cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Cell 87:1351-1361.
1996 Son, H., Hawkins, R.D., Martin, K., Kiebler, M., Huang, P.L., Fishman, M.C., and Kandel, E.R. Long-term potentiation is reduced in mice that are doubly mutant in endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Cell 87:1015-1023.
1996 Arancio, O., Kiebler, M., Lee, C.J., Lev-Ram, V., Tsien, R.Y., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Nitric oxide acts directly in the presynaptic neuron to produce long-term potentiation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Cell 87:1025-1035.
1997 Mayford, M., Bach, M.E., and Kandel, E. CaMKII function in the nervous system explored from a genetic perspective. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Vol. LXI, pp. 219-224. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
1997 Abel, T., Nguyen, P.V., Barad, M., Deuel, T.A.S., Kandel, E.R., and Bourtchouladze, R. Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory. Cell 88:615-626.
1997 Bao, J.-X., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Involvement of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in posttetanic potentiation at Aplysia synapses. Science 275:969-973.
1997 Hegde, A.N., Inokuchi, K., Pei, W., Casadio, A., Ghirardi, M., Chain, D.G., Martin, K.C., Kandel, E.R., and Schwartz, J.H. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase is an immediate- early gene essential for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Cell 89:115-126.
1997 Kojima, N., Wang, J., Mansuy, I.M., Grant, S.G.N., Mayford, M., and Kandel, E.R. Rescuing impairment of long-term potentiation in fyn-deficient mice by introducing Fyn. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4761-4765.
1997 Cohen, T.E., Kaplan, S.W., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. A simplified preparation for relating cellular events to behavior: Mechanisms contributing to habituation, dishabituation, and sensitization of the Aplysia gill-withdrawal reflex. J. Neurosci. 17:2886- 2899.
1997 Frost, L., Kaplan, S.W., Cohen, T.E., Henzi, V., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D.A simplified preparation for relating cellular events to behavior: Contribution of LE and unidentified siphon sensory neurons to mediation and habituation of the Aplysia gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex. J. Neurosci. 17:2900-2913.
1997 Martin, K.C., Michael, D., Rose, J.C., Barad, M., Casadio, A., Zhu, H., and Kandel, E.R. MAP kinase translocates into the nucleus of the presynaptic cell and is required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Neuron 18:899-912.
1997 Bailey, C.H., Kaang, B.-K., Chen, M., Martin, K.C., Lim, C.-S., Casadio, A., and Kandel, E.R. Mutation in the phosphorylation sites of MAP kinase blocks learning-related internalization of apCAM in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 18:913-924.
1997 Nguyen, P.V., and Kandel, E.R. Brief -burst stimulation induces a transcription- dependent late phase of LTP requiring cAMP in area CA1 of the mouse hippocampus. Learning & Memory 4:230-243.
1997 Mayford, M., Mansuy, I.M., Muller, R.U., and Kandel, E.R. Memory and behavior: A second generation of genetically modified mice. Curr. Biol. 7:R580-R589.
1997 Santoro, B., Grant, S.G.N., Bartsch, D., and Kandel, E.R. Interactive cloning with the SH3 domain of N src identifies a new brain specific ion channel protein, with homology to Eag and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:14815-14820.
1997 Bolshakov, V.Y., Golan, H., Kandel, E.R., and Siegelbaum, S.A. Recruitment of new sites of synaptic transmission during the cAMP-dependent late phase of LTP at CA3-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus. Neuron 19:635-651.
1997 Kandel, E.R. Genes, synapses, and long-term memory. Journal of Cellular Physiology 173:124-125.
1998 Martin, K.C., Casadio, A., Zhu, H., Yaping, E., Rose, J., Bailey, C.H., Chen, M., and Kandel, E.R. Synapse-specific transcription-dependent long-term facilitation of the sensory to motor neuron connection in Aplysia: A function for local protein synthesis in memory storage. Cell 91:927-938.
1998 Winder, D.G., Mansuy, I.M., Osman, M., Moallem, T.M., and Kandel, E.R. Genetic and pharmacological evidence for a novel, intermediate phase of long-term potentiation (I LTP) suppressed by calcineurin. Cell 92:25-37.
1998 Mansuy, I.M., Mayford, M., Jacob, B., Kandel, E.R., and Bach, M.E. Restricted and regulated overexpression reveals calcineurin as a key component in the transition from short- term to long-term memory. Cell 92:39-49.
1998 Abel, T., Martin, K.C., Bartsch, D., and Kandel, E.R. Memory suppressor genes: Inhibitory constraints on the storage of long-term memory. Science 279:338-341.
1998 Bao, J.-X., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Involvement of presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms in a cellular analog of classical conditioning at Aplysia sensory- motor neuron synapses in isolated cell culture. Journal of Neuroscience 18(1):458-466.
1998 Hawkins, R.D., Cohen, T.E., Greene, W., and Kandel, E.R. Relationships between dishabituation, sensitization, and inhibition of the gill and siphon-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica: Effects of response measure, test time, and training stimulus. Behavioral Neuroscience 112(1):24-38.
1998 Michael, D., Martin, K.C., Seger, R., Ning, M.-M., Baston, R., and Kandel, E.R. Repeated pulses of serotonin required for long-term facilitation activate mitogen-activated protein kinase in sensory neurons of Aplysia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:1864-1869.
1998 Pittenger, C., and Kandel, E. A genetic switch for long-term memory. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la vie/SSLife Sciences 321:91-96.
1998 Jessell, T., and Kandel, E. Introduction: One decade of Neuron, six decades of Neuroscience. Neuron 20:367-369.
1998 Milner, B., Squire, L.R., and Kandel, E.R. Cognitive neuroscience and the study of memory. Review. Neuron 20:445-468.
1998 Kandel, E.R. A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 155(4):457-469.
1998 Santoro, B., Liu, D.T., Yao, H., Bartsch, D., Kandel, E.R., Siegelbaum, S.A., and Tibbs, G.R. Identification of a gene encoding a hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channel of brain. Cell 93:717-729.
1998 Huang, Y.-Y., and Kandel, E.R. Postsynaptic induction and PKA-dependent expression of LTP in the lateral amygdala. Neuron 21:169-178.
1998 Hawkins, R.D., Greene, W., and Kandel, E.R. Classical conditioning, differential conditioning, and second-order conditioning of the Aplysia gill-withdrawal reflex in a simplified mantle organ preparation. Behavioral Neuroscience 112(3):636-645.
1998 Kentros, C., Hargreaves, E., Hawkins, R.D., Kandel, E.R., Shapiro, M., and Muller, R.U. Abolition of long-term stability of new hippocampal place cell maps by NMDA receptor blockade. Science 280:2121-2126.
1998 Abel, T., and Kandel, E. Positive and negative regulatory mechanisms that mediate long-term memory storage. Brain Research Reviews 26:360-378.
1998 Son, H., Lu, Y.-F., Zhuo, M., Arancio, O., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. The specific role of cGMP in hippocampal LTP. Learning & Memory 5:231-245.
1998 Mansuy, I.M., Winder, D.G., Moallem, T.M., Osman, M., Mayford, M., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R. Inducible and reversible gene expression with the rtTA system for the study of memory. Neuron 21:257-265.
1998 Bartsch, D., Casadio, A., Karl, K.A., Serodio, P., and Kandel, E.R. CREB1 encodes a nuclear activator, a repressor, and a cytoplasmic modulator that form a regulatory unit critical for long-term facilitation. Cell 95:211-223.
1998 Baranes, D., Lederfein, D., Huang, Y.-Y., Chen, M., Bailey, C.H., and Kandel, E.R. Tissue Plasminogen Activator contributes to the late phase of LTP and to synaptic growth in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway. Neuron 21:813-825.
1998 Bourtchouladze, R., Abel, T., Berman, N., Gordon, R., Lapidus, K., and Kandel, E.R. Different training procedures recruit either one or two critical periods for contextual memory consolidation, each of which requires protein synthesis and PKA. Learning & Memory 5:365- 374.
1998 Barad, M., Bourtchouladze, R., Winder, D., Golan, H., and Kandel, E.R. Rolipram, a type IV-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, facilitates the establishment of long-lasting long- term potentiation and improves memory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:15020-15025.
1998 Kojima, N., Ishibashi, H., Obata, K., and Kandel, E.R. Higher seizure susceptibility and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor subunit 2B in fyn transgenic mice. Learning & Memory 5:429-445.
1999 Chain, D.G., Casadio, A., Schacher, S., Hegde, A.N., Valbrun, M., Yamamoto, N., Goldberg, A.L., Bartsch, D., Kandel, E.R., and Schwartz, J.H. Mechanisms for generating the autonomous cAMP-dependent protein kinase required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Neuron 22:147-156.
1999 Ma, L., Zablow, L., Kandel, E.R., and Siegelbaum, S.A. Cyclic AMP induces functional presynaptic boutons in hippocampal CA3-CA1 neuronal cultures. Nature Neuroscience 2:24-30.
1999 Kandel, E.R. Biology and the future of psychoanalysis: A new intellectual framework for psychiatry revisited. Am J Psychiatry 156:505-524.
1999 Zhuo, M., Zhang, W., Son, H., Mansuy, I., Sobel, R.A., Seidman, J., and Kandel, E.R. A selective role of calcineurin A? in synaptic depotentiation in hippocampus. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA 96:4650-4655.
1999 Bach, M.E., Barad, M., Son, H., Zhuo, M., Lu, Y.-F., Shih, R., Mansuy, I., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R. Age-reated defects in spatial memory are correlated with defects in the late phase of hippocampal long-term potentiation in vitro and are attenuated by drugs that enhance the cAMP signaling pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:5280-5285.
1999 Casadio, A., Martin, K.C., Giustetto, M., Zhu, H., Chen, M., Bartsch, D., Bailey, C.H., and Kandel, E.R. A transient neuron-wide form of CREB-mediated long-term facilitation can be stabilized at specific synapses by local protein synthesis. Cell 99:221-237.
1999 Mansuy, I.M., Mayford, M., and Kandel, E.R. Regulated temporal and spatial expression of mutants of CaMKII and calcineurin with the tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tTA) and reverse tTA (rtTA) systems. In Handbook of Molecular-Genetic Techniques for Brain and Behavior Research (Techniques in the Behavioral and Neural Sciences, Vol 13), Chapter 3.1.4, W.E. Crusio and R.T. Gerlai, Eds. Elsevier Science BV, pp. 291-304.
1999 Mayford, M., and Kandel, E.R. Genetic approaches to memory storage. Trends in Genetics 15(11):463-470.
1999 Kandel, E.R. Genes, chromosomes, and the origins of modern biology. In: Living Legacies: Great Moments in the Life of Columbia for the 250th Anniversary. (Thomas Hunt Morgan: His Accomplishments and Legacy). New York: Columbia University Magazine.
1999 Kandel, E.R. An American century of biology. In: Living Legacies: Great Moments in the Life of Columbia for the 250th Anniversary. (Thomas Hunt Morgan: His Accomplishments and Legacy). New York: Columbia University Magazine.
1999 Kandel, E.R. and Kelley, D.B. The mysteries of the mind: At the cusp of the 21st century. In: Living Legacies: Great Moments in the Life of Columbia for the 250th Anniversary. (Thomas Hunt Morgan: His Accomplishments and Legacy). New York: Columbia University Magazine.
1999 Winder, D.G., Martin, K.C., Muzzio, I.A., Rohrer, D., Chruscinski, A., Kobilka, B., and Kandel, E.R. ERK plays a regulatory role in induction of LTP by theta frequency stimulation and its modulation by -adrenergic receptors. Neuron 24:715-726.
1999 Antonov, I., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. The contribution of facilitation of monosynaptic PSPs to dishabituation and sensitization of the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex. J. Neurosci 19:10438-10450.
1999 Lu, Y.-F., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Nitric oxide signaling contributes to late-phase LTP and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 19:10520-10261.
2000 Kandel, E.R. and Pittenger, C. The past, the future and the biology of memory storage. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 354:2027-2052.
2000 Albright, T.D., Jessell, T.M., Kandel, E.R., and Posner, M.I. Neural science: A century of progress and the mysteries that remain. Neuron (Supplement) 25(S2):1-55.
2000 Cowan, W.M., Harter, D.H., and Kandel, E.R. The emergence of modern neuroscience: Some implications for neurology and psychiatry. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 23:343-391.
2000 Chang, D.-J., Li, X.-C., Lee, Y.-S., Kim, H.-K., Kim, U.S., Cho, N.J., Lo, X., Weiss, K.R., Kandel, E.R., and Kaang, B.-K. Activation of a heterologously expressed octopamine receptor coupled only to adenylyl cyclase produces all the features of presynaptic facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97(4):1829-1834.
2000 Lu, Y.M., Mansuy, I.M., Kandel, E.R., and Roder, J. Calcineurin-mediated LTD of GABAergic inhibition underlies the increased escitability of CA1 neurons associated with LTP. Neuron 26:197-205.
2000 Kandel, E.R. Michael V.L. Bennett and the cellular study of neural systems at Albert Einstein and Woods Hole. Brain Research Reviews 32:3-5.
2000 Nguyen, P.V., Abel, T., Kandel, E.R., and Bourtchouladze, R. Strain-dependent differences in LTP and hippocampus-dependent memory in inbred mice. Learning & Memory 7:170-179.
2000 Huang, Y.-Y., Martin, K.C., and Kandel, E.R. Both protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase are required in the amygdala for the macromolecular synthesis-dependent late phase of long-term potentiation. J. Neurosci. 20:6317-6325.
2000 Bailey, C.H., Giustetto, M., Zhu, H., Chen, M., and Kandel, E.R. A novel function for serotonin-mediated short-term facilitation in Aplysia: Conversion of a transient, cell-wide homosynaptic Hebbian plasticity into a persistent, protein synthesis-independent synapse-specific enhancement. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:11581-11586.
2000 Cowan, W.M. and Kandel, E.R. A brief history of synapses and synaptic transmission. In: M.W. Cowan, T.C. Südhof, and C.F. Stevens (eds.), Synapses. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 1-87.
2000 Kandel, E.R. and Squire, L.R. Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science 290:1113-1120.
2000 Rotenberg, A., Abel, T., Hawkins, R.D., Kandel, E.R., and Muller, R.U. Parallel instabilities of long-term potentiation, place cells, and learning caused by decreased protein kinase A activity. J. Neurosci. 20:8096-8102.
2000 Bartsch, D., Ghirardi, M., Casadio, A., Giustetto, M., Karl, K.A., Zhu, H., and Kandel, E.R. Enhancement of memory-related long-term facilitation by ApAF, a novel transription factor that acts downstream from both CREB1 and CREB2. Cell 103:595-608.
2000 Bailey, C.H., Giustetto, M., Huang, Y.-Y., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R. Is heterosynaptic modulation essential for stabilizing Hebbian plasticity and memory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience 1:11-20.
2000 Martin, K.C., Barad, M., and Kandel, E.R. Local protein synthesis and its role in synapse-specific plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 10:587-592.
2000 Albright, T.D., Kandel, E.R., and Posner, M.I. Cognitive neuroscience. Curr Opin Neurobiol 10:612-624.
2000 Small, S.A., Wu, E.X., Bartsch, D., Perera, G.M., Lacefield, C.O., DeLaPaz, R., Mayeux, R., Stern, Y., and Kandel, E.R. Imaging physiologic dysfunction of individual hippocampal subregions in humans and genetically modified mice. Neuron 28:653-664.
2000 Winder, D.G. and Kandel, E.R. Genetic strategies for the study of hippocampal-based memory storage. In: Brain, Perception, Memory: Advances in Cognitive Neuroscience, Chapter 10, Bolhuis, J.J. (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 163-184.
2000 Kauderer, B.S. and Kandel, E.R. Capture of a protein synthesis-dependent component of long-term depression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:13342-13347.
2001 Rogan, M.T., Weisskopf, M.G., Huang, Y.-Y., Kandel, E.R., and LeDoux, J.E. Long-term potentiation in the amygdala: Implications for memory. In: Neuronal Mechanisms of Memory Formation: Concepts of Long-Term Potentiation and Beyond, Chapter 2, Hölscher, C. (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 58-76.
2001 Cowan, W.M., and Kandel, E.R. Prospects for neurology and psychiatry. JAMA 285:594-600.
2001 Malleret, G., Haditsch, U., Genoux, D., Jones, M.W., Bliss, T.V.P., Vanhoose, A.M., Weitlauf, C., Kandel, E.R., Winder, D.G., and Mansuy, I.M. Inducible and reversible enhancement of learning, memory, and long-term potentiation by genetic inhibition of calcineurin. Cell 104:675-686.
2001 Kandel, E.R. The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialogue Between Genes and Synapses. In Les Prix Nobel, The Nobel Prizes. Stockholm, Sweden: Almquest and Wilksell International.
2001 Antonov, I., Antonova, I., Kandel, Eric R., and Hawkins, R.D. The contribution of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity to classical conditioning in Aplysia. J. Neurosci. 21:6413-6422.
2001 Mayford, M. and Kandel, E. Conditional and inducible gene targeting in the nervous system. In Methods in Neurogenetics, Chapter 3. CRC Press, in press, pp. 41-60.
2001 Yu, H., Saura, C.A., Choi, Se-y., Sun, L.D., Yang, X., Handler, M., Kawarabayashi, T., Younkin, L., Fedeles, B., Wilson, M.A., Younkin, S., Kandel, E.R., Kirkwood, A., and Shen, J. (2001) APP processing and synaptic plasticity in Presenilin-1 conditional knockout mice. Neuron 31:713-726.
2001 Patterson, S.L., Pittenger, C., Morozov, A., Martin, K.C., Scanlin, H., Drake, C., and Kandel, E.R. Some forms of cAMP-mediated long-lasting potentiation are associated with release of BDNF and nuclear translocation of phospho-MAP kinase. Neuron 32:123-140.
2001 Bailey, C.H., Abel, T., and Kandel, E.R. Molecular mechanisms of learning and memory processes. In: D. Baltimore, R. Dulbecco, F. Jacob, and R. Levi-Montalcini (eds), Frontiers of Life (Four Volume-Set). Volume III: Part One: Structural and Functional Basis of Learning and Memory Processes. New York: Harcourt/Academic Press, pp. 111-123.
2001 Kandel, E.R. The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialogue Between Genes and Synapses. Science 294:1030-1038.
2001 Yu, H., Saura, C.A., Choi, Se-y., Sun, L.D., Yang, X., Handler, M., Kawarabayashi, T., Younkin, L., Fedeles, B., Wilson, M.A., Younkin, S., Kandel, E.R., Kirkwood, A., and Shen, J. APP processing and synaptic plasticity in Presenilin-1 conditional knockout mice. Neuron 31:713-726.
2001 Patterson, S.L., Pittenger, C., Morozov, A., Martin, K.C., Scanlin, H., Drake, C., and Kandel, E.R. Some forms of cAMP-mediated long-lasting potentiation are associated with release of BDNF and nuclear translocation of phospho-MAP kinase. Neuron 32:123-140.
2001 Bailey, C.H., Abel, T., and Kandel, E.R. Molecular mechanisms of learning and memory processes. In: D. Baltimore, R. Dulbecco, F. Jacob, and R. Levi-Montalcini (eds), Frontiers of Life (Four Volume-Set). Volume III: Part One: Structural and Functional Basis of Learning and Memory Processes. New York: Harcourt/Academic Press, pp. 111-123.
2001 Kandel, E.R. The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialogue Between Genes and Synapses. Science 294:1030-1038.
2001 Antonova, I., Arancio, O., Trillat, A.-C., Wang, H.-G., Zablow, L., Udo, H., Kandel, E.R., and Hawkins, R.D. Rapid increase in clusters of presynaptic proteins at onset of long-lasting potentiation. Science 294:1547-1550.
2002 Barco, A., Alarcon, J.M., and Kandel, E.R. Expression of constitutively active CREB protein facilitates the late phase of long-term potentiation by enhancing synaptic capture. Cell 108:689-703.
2002 Kandel, E.R., and Squire, L.R. Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. In: Science Pathways of Discovery. Ivan Amato (ed), New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chapter 11, pp. 189-209.
2002 Tsvetkov, E., Carlezon, Jr., W.A., Benes, F.M., Kandel, E.R., and Bolshakov, V.Y. Fear conditioning occludes LTP-induced presynaptic enhancement of synaptic transmission in the cortical pathway to the lateral amygdala. Neuron 34:289-300.
2002 Pittenger, C., Huang, Y.-Y., Paletzki, R.F., Bourtchouladze, R., Scanlin, H., Vronskaya, S., and Kandel, E.R. Reversible inhibition of CREB/ATF transcription factors in region CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus disrupts hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Neuron 34:447-462.
2002 Jessell, T.M. and Kandel, E.R. W. Maxwell Cowan 1931-2002 Obituary. Nature Neuroscience 5:827.
2002 Guan, Z., Giustetto, M., Lomvardas, S., Kim, J.-H., Miniaci, M.C., Schwartz, J.H., Thanos, D. and Kandel, E.R. Integration of long-term-memory-related synaptic plasticity involves bidirectional regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure. Cell 111:483-493.
2002 Shumyatsky, G.P., Tsvetkov, E., Malleret, G., Vronskaya, S., Hatton, M., Hampton, L., Battey, J.F., Dulac, C., Kandel, E.R. and Bolshakov, V.Y. Identification of a signaling network in lateral nucleus of amygdala important for inhibiting memory specifically related to learned fear. Cell 111:905-918.