Since 1945, the Awards Program has recognized the contributions of scientists, physicians, and public servants who have made major advances in the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human disease.
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All Winners Adams, Lane W. Ahlquist, Raymond P. Alberts, Bruce M. Allen, Edgar V. Allison, James P. Alter, Harvey J. Ambros, Victor R. Anderson, Jr., Porter Warren Armstrong, Clay M. Astwood, Edwin B. Atwater, Reginald M. Austrian, Robert Avery, Oswald T. Bartenschlager, Ralf F.W. Baulcombe, David C. Baulieu, Etienne-Emile Baumgartner, Leona Beadle, George Wells Beck, Aaron T. Benabid, Alim Louis Benzer, Seymour Berg, Paul Bergström, K. Sune D. Berridge, Michael J. Bishop, J.Michael Bishop, Eugene L. Black, J.W. Blackburn, Elizabeth H. Blalock, Alfred Blobel, Günter Bloomberg, Michael R. Boudreau, Frank G. Boyer, Herbert W. Brady, Roscoe O. Brenner, Sydney Brinker, Nancy G. Brodie, Bernard B. Brown, Michael S. Brown, Donald D. Burchenal, Joseph H. Burkitt, Denis Burnet, F. MacFarlane Calne, Roy Capecchi, Mario Carbone, Paul P. Carpentier, Alain Cech, Thomas R. Chambon, Pierre Charnley, John Chisholm, G. Brock Christensen, L.R. Ciechanover, Aaron Clark, Graeme M. Clarke, Cyril A. Clements, John Allen Cohen, Morley Cohen, Stanley N. Cohen, Stanley Coleman, Douglas Coons, Albert Cooper, Theodore Cori, Carl Cotzias, George C. Cournand, André Craig, Lyman C. Crick, F.H.C Cushman, David W. Dalldorf, Gilbert Darnell Jr., James E. Dean, H. Trendley DeBakey, Michael E. Defries, Robert D. DeLong, Mahlon R. Deniker, Pierre DeVita Jr., Vincent T. Dingle, John Holmes Dixon, Frank J. Djerassi, Isaac Doherty, Peter C. Dole, Vincent P. Druker, Brian J. Dubos, René J. Duke, Robin Chandler Dulbecco, Renato Dyer, R.E. Edler, Inge G. Edwards, Robert G. Eliot, Martha M. Elledge, Stephen J. Elvehjem, Conrad A. Enders, John F. Endo, Akira Erikson, Raymond L. Essex, Myron Evans, Ronald Evans, Martin Falkow, Stanley Farber, Sidney Fauci, Anthony S. Feldmann, Marc Ferrara, Napoleone Finn, Ronald Fisher, Bernard Foege, William H. Ford, Betty Foundation and Clinic, The Menninger Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz Francis, Jr, Thomas Freda, Vincent J. Freeman, Harold P. Frei III, Emil Freireich, Emil J. Freis, Edward D. Freund, Jules Friedman, Jeffrey M. Furchgott, Robert F. Gall, Joseph G. Gallo, Robert C. Gates, Bill Gates, Melinda (George Hatem), Ma Haide Gibbon Jr., John H. Gibbs, Frederic A. Gilbert, Walter Gilman, Alfred G. Goldstein, Joseph L. Good, Robert A. Gorman, John G. Gotschlich, Emil C. Grant, John B. Greider, Carol W. Gross, Ludwik Gross, Robert E. Guillemin, Roger C.L. Gurdon, John Hall, Michael N. Hamilton, Alice Hanafusa, Hidesaburo Harris, Oren Hartl, Franz-Ulrich Hartwell, Lee Hatfield, Mark O. Heidelberger, Michael Heimlich, Henry J. Hench, Philip S. Hershey, Alfred D. Hershko, Avram Hertz, C. Hellmuth Hertz, Roy Hill, Lister Hille, Bertil Hilleman, Maurice R. Hillier, James Hochmair, Ingeborg Holland, James F. Holley, Robert W. Hood, Leroy Horwich, Arthur L. Houghton, Michael Hounsfield, Godfrey N. Huggins, Charles Hughes, John Jeffreys, Alec Jensen, Elwood Johnson, Lyndon Baines Kaelin, Jr., William G. Kaiser, A. Dale Kan, Yuet Wai Kandel, Eric R. Katz, Louis N. Kelman, Charles D. Kendall, Edward C. Kety, Seymour S. Khorana, H. Gobind King, Mary-Claire Kinsey, V. Everett Klein, Edmund Kline, Nathan S. Knudson Jr., Alfred G. Köhler, Georges J.F. Kolff, Willem J. Koshland Jr., Daniel E. Kosterlitz, Hans W. Kouwenhoven, William B. Krebs, Edwin G. Krebs, Hans Adolf Krugman, Saul Kunkel, Henry G. Laborit, Henri Laird, Melvin R. Landsteiner, Karl Lauterbur, Paul C. Leder, Philip Lederer, Ann Landers-Eppie Lehmann, Heinz E. Lennox, William G. L'Esperance, Elise Levi-Montalcini, Rita Levine, Philip Lewis, Edward B. Li, Min Chiu Li, Choh H. Lillehei, C.Walton Link, Karl Paul Lowy, Douglas R. Lydon, Nicholas B. Macfarlane, Catherine MacKinnon, Roderick Magnuson, Warren Mahoney, David Mahoney, John Maini, Ravinder N. Maniatis, Tom Marshall, Barry J. Masui, Yoshio McCarty, Maclyn McClintock, Barbara McCulloch, Ernest A. McDermott, Walsh McKay, Frederick S. McKusick, Victor A. Merrifield, Bruce Meselson, Matthew Metcalf, Donald Meyer, Karl Meyer, Karl F. Milstein, César Montagnier, Luc Mori, Kazutoshi Mountcastle, Vernon Murad, Ferid Muschenheim, Carl Neel, James V. Neufeld, Elizabeth F. Ngu, V. Anomah Nirenberg, Marshall W. Nishizuka, Yasutomi Noce, Robert H. Nowell, Peter C. Nurse, Paul Nursing Services of the US Public Health Service, Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane O'Connor, Basil Oldendorf, William Ondetti, Miguel A. O'Neill Jr., Thomas P. Organization, World Health Page, Irvine H. Palade, George E. Papanicolaou, George Parenthood, Planned Pate, Maurice Patz, Arnall Penrose, L.S. Pepper, Claude Phelps, Earle Bernard Phillips, Robert Allan Pinkel, Donald Pollack, William Porter, John Edward Potter, Michael Prusiner, Stanley B. Ptashne, Mark S. Puck, Theodore Ratcliffe, Peter J. Reeve, Christopher Rice, Charles M. Richards, Alfred Richardson, Elliot L. Robbins, John B. Robitzek, Edward H. Roeder, Robert Rogers, Paul G. Rothman, James Rous, Peyton Rowley, Janet D. Rubin, Harry Rusk, Howard A. Ruska, Ernst Ruvkun, Gary B. Sabin, Albert B. Sabin, Florence R. Salk, Jonas E. Samuelsson, Bengt Sanger, Frederick Sans Frontières, Médecins Sawyers, Charles L. Schally, Andrew V. Schekman, Randy Scheller, Richard H. Schiller, John T. Schmitt, Francis O. Schneerson, Rachel Schou, Mogens Schramm, Gerhard Science Times of <em>The New York Times</em>, Scribner, Belding H. Selikoff, Irving J. Semenza, Gregg L. Sharp, Phillip A. Sheahan, Marion W. Sheetz, Michael Shepard, William P. Shope, Richard E. Shriver, Eunice Kennedy Skipper, Howard E. Smadel, Joseph E. Smith, David H. Smith, Homer Smithies, Oliver Snyder, Solomon H. Sofia, Michael J. Sokoloff, Louis Sommer, Alfred Sones, Jr., F. Mason Soper, Fred L. Southern, Edwin M. Sperry, Roger Wolcott Spiegelman, Sol Spudich, James Starr, Albert Starr, Isaac Starzl, Thomas E. Stein, Jules Steinman, Ralph M. Strominger, Jack L. Südhof, Thomas C. Sutherland, Earl W. Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert Szostak, Jack W. Taussig, Helen B. Temin, Howard M. The Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health, Theiler, Max Thomas, Lewis Till, James Tillett, William S. Tonegawa, Susumu Unanue, Emil R. Underwood, Felix J. Vakil, Rustom Jal Vale, Ronald Vane, John R. Van Scott, Eugene J. Van Slyke, C.J. Varco, Richard L. Varmus, Harold E. Varshavsky, Alexander Vigneaud, Vincent du Waksman, Selman A. Wald, George Walter, Peter Warden, Herbert E. Watson, James D. Weatherall, David J. Weicker Jr., Lowell P. Wexler, Nancy S. White, Paul Dudley Wiener, Alexander S. Wiggers, Carl J. Wiley, Don C. Wilkins, M.H.F. Wilkins, Robert W. Wilson, John Wilson, Blake S. Windle, William F. Witkin, Evelyn M. Wolman, Abel Wright, Irving S. Yalow, Rosalyn S. Yamanaka, Shinya Yanofsky, Charles Youyou, Tu Zamecnik, Paul C. Ziegler, John L. Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Zoll, Paul M. Zubrod, C. Gordon
All Awards Basic Clinical Special Achievement Public Service AWARDS NO LONGER GIVEN
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